封

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
封 U+5C01, 封
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C01
← 尀
[U+5C00] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 専 →
[U+5C02]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

封 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土土木戈 (GGDI), four-corner 44100, composition ⿰圭寸)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7426
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 504, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5C01

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 封

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (封) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
幫 *paːŋ
鞤 *paːŋ
封 *poŋ, *poŋs
葑 *poŋ, *poŋs
犎 *poŋ
崶 *poŋ
湗 *poŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 丰 (“field, ear of grass”) + 寸 (“control”).

In modern form, left component is written instead as 圭 (土土), with two vertical strokes, rather than as 丰 (one vertical stroke).

Etymology[edit]

Area etymon (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan ཕུང་པོ (phung po, “heap”), Tibetan སྤུང (spung, “heap”), Lepcha a-pŭŋ (“a heap; a stock”), Mizo [Term?] (puŋᴴ), [Term?] (punᴸ, “increase; assemble”), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴴ), vûn (vuunᴸ, “swollen”), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴿ, “heap; mound”), Chepang भुङ्‌हसा (bhuŋh-, “to be burst or peak of activity (flowering, field work etc.)”). Compare also Khmer ពោង (poong, “protuberances/bumps on an animal's head”), Khmer សំពោង (sɑmpoong, “puffed up; swollen”).

邦 (OC *proːŋ, “country”) may be the same etymon (Wang, 1982, Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: pang - vernacular, hong - literary.
Note:
  • huang1 - vernacular;
  • hong1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 封
Mandarin Beijing /fəŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /fəŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /fəŋ²¹/
Jinan /fəŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /fəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /fəŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /fəŋ²¹/
Xining /fə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /fəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /fɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /foŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /foŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /foŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /foŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /fən³¹/
Hefei /fəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /fəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /fə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /foŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /foŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /foŋ³³/
Wenzhou /hoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /fʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /fan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /xoŋ³³/
Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /fuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /fuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /foŋ⁵³/
Nanning /fuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /fuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hoŋ³³/
/huaŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /foŋ²³/
/ʔbaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 封 封
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 府容切 方用切
Baxter pjowng pjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨoŋ/ /pɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puawŋ/ /puawŋH/
Li
Rong 		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Wang
Li 		/pĭwoŋ/ /pĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯woŋ/ /pi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fēng fèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fung1 fung3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 封
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fēng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjowng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p(r)oŋ/
English raise a mound; enfeoff

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 封 封
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3253 3259
Phonetic
component 		封 封
Rime
group 		東 東
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		封 葑
Old
Chinese 		/*poŋ/ /*poŋs/
Notes 甲文同豐金文加又或寸轉註，
表封土植木爲封疆

Definitions[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

封

  1. (literary) border; boundary
  2. (literary) to raise a mound
  3. to close; to seal; to bind
    封閉／封闭  ―  fēngbì  ―  to close'; to seal off
    冰封  ―  bīngfēng  ―  to be frozen
    把罐子封上  ―  bǎ guànzi fēng shàng  ―  to seal the jar
  4. to block (a website, a person on the Internet, etc.); to censor
  5. envelope; wrapper
    信封  ―  xìnfēng  ―  envelope; letter
  6. cover of a book
    封面  ―  fēngmiàn  ―  cover of a book
  7. Classifier for envelopes, letters and mail. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    一封信函  ―  yī fēng xìnhán  ―  an envelope
  8. to confer (a title) upon; to enfeoff
  9. (literary, of emperors) to build an altar to worship heaven
    封禪／封禅  ―  fēngshàn  ―  to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth
  10. Short for 封建主義／封建主义 (fēngjiàn zhǔyì, “feudalism”).
  11. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 封 (“(classifier for letters)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 封
Mandarin Beijing 封
Taiwan 封
Tianjin 封
Chengde 封
Tangshan 封
Cangzhou 封
Baoding 封
Shijiazhuang 封
Chifeng 封
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 封
Heihe 封
Qiqihar 封
Harbin 封
Jiamusi 封
Baicheng 封
Changchun 封
Tonghua 封
Shenyang 封
Dandong 封
Jinzhou 封
Dalian 封
Yantai 封
Qingdao 封
Lijin 封
Zhucheng 封
Jinan 封
Jining 封
Shangqiu 封
Yuanyang 封
Zhengzhou 封
Lingbao 封
Xinyang 封
Ankang 封
Hanzhong 封
Xi'an 封
Baoji 封
Yinchuan 封
Tianshui 封
Lanzhou 封
Dunhuang 封
Xining 封
Hami 封
Ürümqi 封
Wuhan 封
Yichang 封
Xiangyang 封
Tianmen 封
Hong'an 封
Chengdu 封
Nanchong 封
Dazhou 封
Hanyuan 封
Xichang 封
Zigong 封
Chongqing 封
Guiyang 封
Zunyi 封
Bijie 封
Liping 封
Zhaotong 封
Dali 封
Kunming 封
Mengzi 封
Guilin 封
Liuzhou 封
Jishou 封
Changde 封
Anqing 封
Xuzhou 封
Fuyang 封
Wuhu 封
Yangzhou 封
Lianyungang 封
Lianshui 封
Nanjing 封
Hefei 封
Nantong 封
Cantonese Guangzhou 封
Hong Kong 封
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 封
Macau 封
Guangzhou (Panyu) 封
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 封
Guangzhou (Conghua) 封
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 封
Foshan 封
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 封
Foshan (Shunde) 封
Foshan (Sanshui) 封
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 封
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 封
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 封
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 封
Zhuhai (Doumen) 封
Jiangmen (Baisha) 封
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 封
Taishan 封
Kaiping (Chikan) 張
Enping (Niujiang) 封
Heshan (Yayao) 封
Dongguan 封
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 封
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 封
Dongguan (Qingxi) 封
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 封
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 封
Conghua (Lütian) 封
Huizhou Shexian 封
Jin Taiyuan 封
Yangyuan 封
Datong 封
Xinzhou 封
Lishi 封
Linfen 封
Changzhi 封
Linhe 封
Jining 封
Hohhot 封
Erenhot 封
Pingshan 封
Zhangjiakou 封
Handan 封
Linzhou 封
Suide 封
Eastern Min Fuqing 張
Southern Min Xiamen 封
Jinjiang 張
Yongchun 張
Tainan 張
Datian 封
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 封

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

封

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to seal, to close

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

封 (eumhun 봉할 봉 (bonghal bong))

  1. Hanja form? of 봉 (“letter, envelope”).

封 (eumhun 묻을 폄 (mudeul pyeom))

  1. Hanja form? of 폄 (“close, hide, seal”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

封: Hán Nôm readings: phong

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=封&oldid=79078373"