Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tog-

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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic[edit]

Verb[edit]

*tog-

  1. (intransitive) to rise
  2. (Common Turkic, intransitive) to be born
    Synonym: *törü-
  3. (Proto-Bulgar, transitive) to do, make
    Synonyms: *ẹ̄t-, *yap-, *kïl-

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of *tog- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive *togmak
participle present *toggan, togugma, togar
past *togduk, togmïš
future *togdačï, togmakčï, togsïk, togačak
verbal noun *togma, togug, toggu
way of doing *toguš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *togar ben *togar sen *togar *togar biz *togar siz *togar
past simple *togdum *togduŋ *togdï *togduk, togdumuz *togduŋuz *togdï
inferential *togmïš ben *togmïš sen *togmïš *togmïš biz *togmïš siz *togmïš
future simple *togdačï ben, togmakčï ben, togačak ben *togdačï sen, togmakčï sen, togačak sen *togdačï, togmakčï, togačak *togdačï biz, togmakčï biz, togačak biz *togdačï siz, togmakčï siz, togačak siz *togdačï, togmakčï, togačak
predictive *toggay ben *toggay sen *toggay *toggay biz *toggay siz *toggay
necessitive *togsukum *togsukuŋ *togsuk *togsukumuz *togsukuŋuz *togsuk
conditional *togsam, togsar ben *togsaŋ, togsar sen *togsa, togsar *togsak, togsamïz, togsar biz *togsaŋïz, togsar siz *togsalar, togsar
optative *toggay ben *toggay sen *toggay *toggay biz *toggay siz *toggay
progressive *togmakda ben *togmakda sen *togmakda *togmakda biz *togmakda siz *togmakda
necessitative *togmalïg ben *togmalïg sen *togmalïg *togmalïg biz *togmalïg siz *togmalïg
imperative *togayïn *tog, toggïl *togzun *togalïm *toguŋ *togzun
Negative
infinitive *togmamak
participle present *togmagan, togmagma, togmaz
past *togmaduk, togmamïš
future *togmačï, togmasïk, togmayačak
verbal noun *togmama, togmag, togmagu
way of doing *togmayuš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *togmaz ben *togmaz sen *togmaz *togmaz biz *togmaz siz *togmaz
past simple *togmadum *togmaduŋ *togmadï *togmaduk, togmadumuz *togmaduŋuz *togmadï
inferential *togmamïš ben *togmamïš sen *togmamïš *togmamïš biz *togmamïš siz *togmamïš
future simple *togmačï ben, togmayačak ben *togmačï sen, togmayačak sen *togmačï, togmayačak *togmačï biz, togmayačak biz *togmačï siz, togmayačak siz *togmačï, togmayačak
predictive *togmagay ben *togmagay sen *togmagay *togmagay biz *togmagay siz *togmagay
necessitive *togmasukum *togmasukuŋ *togmasuk *togmasukumuz *togmasukuŋuz *togmasuk
conditional *togmasam, togmasar ben *togmasaŋ, togmasar sen *togmasa, togmasar *togmasak, togmasamïz, togmasar biz *togmasaŋïz, togmasar siz *togmasalar, togmasar
optative *togmagay ben *togmagay sen *togmagay *togmagay biz *togmagay siz *togmagay
progressive *togmamakda ben *togmamakda sen *togmamakda *togmamakda biz *togmamakda siz *togmamakda
necessitative *togmamalïg ben *togmamalïg sen *togmamalïg *togmamalïg biz *togmamalïg siz *togmamalïg
imperative *togmayayïn *togma, togmagïl *togmazun *togmayalïm *togmayïŋ *togmazun

Derived terms[edit]

  • ⇒ *tog-ur- (“to raise; give birth to”)
  • ⇒ *tog-un- (“to rise”)
  • ⇒ *tog-un (“relative”)

Descendants[edit]

  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (tuv-)
      • Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tuv-)
      • Karaim: [script needed] (tuv-)
      • Kumyk: [script needed] (tuv-)
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kipchak-Nogai:
        • Karakalpak: [script needed] (tuv-)
        • Kazakh: туу (tuu)
        • Nogai: [script needed] (tuv-)
      • East Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • ⇒ Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰽𐰴 (toɣsïq)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tog-)
        • Western Yugur: [script needed] (toɣ-)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “ту”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume II, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 240-241
  2. ^ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ту”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, pages 254-255
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 465
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “doğmak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 483
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 245
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