ar

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

Translingual[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Abbreviation of English Arabic

Symbol[edit]

ar

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Arabic.

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English *ar, arres pl, from earlier *er.

Noun[edit]

ar (plural ars)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.
    All the ars in the inscription.
    • 2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:
      I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
    • 2016 CCEB, Communications Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures: ACP125 (G), p. 3-5
      RV [is spoken] as "ar-vee" instead of "I SPELL Romeo Victor".
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • → Malay: ar
  • → Tagalog: ar
Translations[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ar

  1. (UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr
Derived terms[edit]

Particle[edit]

ar

  1. (UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. Obsolete spelling of are
    • 1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster:
      But commonlie, the fairest bodies, ar bestowed on the foulest purposes.

Etymology 4[edit]

Particle[edit]

ar

  1. (Manglish, Singlish) Alternative form of ah (question particle)

Anagrams[edit]

Abinomn[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar

  1. Pometia pinnata

Albanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin aurum (“gold”).[2][3] Considering the rendering of Latin au- as Albanian ā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (definite ari)[4]

  1. (chemistry) gold
    Synonyms: flori, dukat
    • 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari:
      Të provuomitë e fesë saj të jetë mā e pāçmuome se ari.
      The temptations of her religion are more precious than (the) gold.
  2. (figurative) treasure, gem
    Synonym: thesar
  3. golden thread
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar
indefinite definite
nominative ar ari
accusative arin
dat./abl. ari arit
Derived terms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ar (feminine are)

  1. golden
    Synonyms: artë, flori
    Ai/ajo e ka zemrën ar. ― He/she has a golden heart.
  2. (figurative) precious
    Synonym: çmueshëm
  3. (figurative) yellow; white, bright
    Synonyms: verdhë, lylc, bardhë, ndritshëm
  4. (figurative) blonde, bright, light (hair)
    Synonym: biond

Etymology 2[edit]

Probably via French are (“are”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural arë, definite ari, definite plural arët)[5]

  1. are (unit of area; abbrev. a)
    (metric unit of measure:) 1 a = 100 (m²) square meters = ~119.6 square yards
    Synonym: a (abbrev.)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar
indefinite definite
singular plural singular plural
nominative ar arë ari arët
accusative arin
dative ari arëve arit arëvet
ablative arësh

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jungg, G. (1895) “aar”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 1
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ar”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 7
  3. ^ Topalli, K. (2017) “ar”, in Fjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe, Durrës, Albania: Jozef, page 111
  4. ^ “ar”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
  5. ^ “ar”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

Aromanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin arō. Compare Daco-Romanian ara, ar.

Verb[edit]

ar first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative arã, past participle aratã)

  1. to plough

Related terms[edit]

Azerbaijani[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic عَار (ʕār).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. feeling of shame

Declension[edit]

    Declension of ar
singular plural
nominative ar
 arlar
definite accusative arı
 arları
dative ara
 arlara
locative arda
 arlarda
ablative ardan
 arlardan
definite genitive arın
 arların
    Possessive forms of ar
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arım arlarım
sənin (“your”) arın arların
onun (“his/her/its”) arı arları
bizim (“our”) arımız arlarımız
sizin (“your”) arınız arlarınız
onların (“their”) arı or arları arları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arımı arlarımı
sənin (“your”) arını arlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) arını arlarını
bizim (“our”) arımızı arlarımızı
sizin (“your”) arınızı arlarınızı
onların (“their”) arını or arlarını arlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arıma arlarıma
sənin (“your”) arına arlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) arına arlarına
bizim (“our”) arımıza arlarımıza
sizin (“your”) arınıza arlarınıza
onların (“their”) arına or arlarına arlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arımda arlarımda
sənin (“your”) arında arlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) arında arlarında
bizim (“our”) arımızda arlarımızda
sizin (“your”) arınızda arlarınızda
onların (“their”) arında or arlarında arlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arımdan arlarımdan
sənin (“your”) arından arlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) arından arlarından
bizim (“our”) arımızdan arlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) arınızdan arlarınızdan
onların (“their”) arından or arlarından arlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arımın arlarımın
sənin (“your”) arının arlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) arının arlarının
bizim (“our”) arımızın arlarımızın
sizin (“your”) arınızın arlarınızın
onların (“their”) arının or arlarının arlarının

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Basque[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar inan or anim

  1. male

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar (animate and inanimate, ending in -r)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive ar arra arrak
ergative arrek arrak arrek
dative arri arrari arrei
genitive arren arraren arren
comitative arrekin arrarekin arrekin
causative arrengatik arrarengatik arrengatik
benefactive arrentzat arrarentzat arrentzat
instrumental arrez arraz arrez
inessive anim. arrengan arrarengan arrengan
inanim. arretan arrean arretan
locative anim. — — —
inanim. arretako arreko arretako
allative anim. arrengana arrarengana arrengana
inanim. arretara arrera arretara
terminative anim. arrenganaino arrarenganaino arrenganaino
inanim. arretaraino arreraino arretaraino
directive anim. arrenganantz arrarenganantz arrenganantz
inanim. arretarantz arrerantz arretarantz
destinative anim. arrenganako arrarenganako arrenganako
inanim. arretarako arrerako arretarako
ablative anim. arrengandik arrarengandik arrengandik
inanim. arretatik arretik arretatik
partitive arrik — —
prolative artzat — —

Breton[edit]

Article[edit]

ar

  1. the

See also[edit]

Chuukese[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ar

  1. third person plural general possessive; their

Related terms[edit]

Chuukese possessive determiners
Small objects, concepts Large objects, living things Suffix
Singular First person ai nei -ei
Second person omw, om noum -om
Third person an noun -an
Plural First person äm (exclusive)
ach (inclusive)		 nöu̇m (exclusive)
nöüch (inclusive)		 -em (exclusive)
-ach (inclusive)
Second person ämi, ami noumi -emi
Third person ar nour -er

Cimbrian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle High German ahorn, from Old High German ahorn. Cognate with German Ahorn.

Noun[edit]

ar m

  1. (Luserna) maple, maple tree
Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. (Sette Comuni) Short for èar (“he”).
    Ar khimmet lóofanten.
    He comes running.

References[edit]

  • “ar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French are, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m inan

  1. are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative ar ary
genitive aru arů
dative aru arům
accusative ar ary
vocative are ary
locative aru arech
instrumental arem ary

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "ar" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

Further reading[edit]

  • ar in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • ar in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse ørr.

Noun[edit]

ar n (singular definite arret, plural indefinite ar)

  1. scar
  2. (slang) mouth
Inflection[edit]
Declension of ar
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ar arret ar arrene
genitive ars arrets ars arrenes
Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. imperative of arre

Etymology 2[edit]

From French are, from Latin ārea (“open space”).

Noun[edit]

ar c (singular definite aren, plural indefinite ar)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Inflection[edit]
Declension of ar
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ar aren ar arene
genitive ars arens ars arenes

Further reading[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch arre, erre, irre, from Old Dutch *irri, from Proto-Germanic *irzijaz.

Adjective[edit]

ar (comparative arder, superlative arst)

  1. (archaic) sorry, sad, regrettable
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Back-formation from arrenslee (see there for further etymology).

Noun[edit]

ar m or f (plural arren, diminutive arretje n)

  1. (obsolete) sledge
Related terms[edit]

East Central German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare German er.

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. (Erzgebirgisch) he

Further reading[edit]

  • 2020 June 11, Hendrik Heidler, Hendrik Heidler's 400 Seiten: Echtes Erzgebirgisch: Wuu de Hasen Hoosn haaßn un de Hosen Huusn do sei mir drhamm: Das Original Wörterbuch: Ratgeber und Fundgrube der erzgebirgischen Mund- und Lebensart: Erzgebirgisch – Deutsch / Deutsch – Erzgebirgisch‎[1], 3. geänderte Auflage edition, Norderstedt: BoD – Books on Demand, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 17:

Galician[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese aar, from an older aere, from Latin aēr.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural ares)

  1. air

Etymology 2[edit]

Unknown

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ar

  1. (archaic) furthermore, in addition
  2. (archaic) never

References[edit]

  • “ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “aar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “aere” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “ar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “ar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Hausa[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʔár/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ʔár]
  • Hyphenation: ar̃

Interjection[edit]

ar̃

  1. damn it

Irish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:

  1. ar (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
  2. for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
  3. íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.

The pronunciation is taken from the third-person singular masculine inflected form air, although the spellings remain distinct in the standard language.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

  1. on
  2. Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions
    Tá áthas orm.
    I am glad.
    (literally, “Joy is on me.”)
    Tá ocras orm.
    I am hungry.
    (literally, “Hunger is on me.”)
    Tá slaghdán orm.
    I have a cold.
    (literally, “A cold is on me.”)
  3. Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state
    ar crith ― trembling
    ar foluain ― hovering
    ar díol ― for sale
  4. upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)
    ar éirí dom ― when I get/got up; upon my rising
  5. upon (with a (“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)
    ar a theacht / arna theacht ― when he comes/came; on his coming
    ar a chríochnú dom / arna chríochnú dom ― when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it
  6. (in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to
    Bhí orainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.
    We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ar
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. orm ormsa
2d person sing. ort ortsa
3d sing. masc. air airsean
3d sing. fem. uirthi uirthise
1st person pl. orainn orainne
2d person pl. oraibh oraibhse
3d person pl. orthu orthusan
Derived terms[edit]

See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (ar)

Etymology 2[edit]

an +‎ -r

Particle[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Used to form direct and indirect questions
    Ar chuala tú mé? ― Did you hear me?
    Níl a fhios agam ar chas sé an t-amhrán. ― I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.
    Ar ól an cat an bainne? ― Did the cat drink the milk?
    Ar cuireadh an síol? ― Was the seed sown?
  2. Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants
    Ar mhúinteoir tú? ― Were you a teacher?
Related terms[edit]
  • an (used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 3[edit]

a +‎ -r

Particle[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause
    an chathaoir ar shuigh an gasúr air ― the chair the boy sat on
    an cailín ar ól a cat an bainne ― the girl whose cat drank the milk
    an gort ar cuireadh an síol ann ― the field the seed was sown in
Related terms[edit]
  • a (used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Pronoun[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. all that, whatever
    Sin ar chonnaic mé ann.
    That’s all that I saw there.
    Ar thuig tú ar canadh?
    Did you understand all that was sung?
    Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as.
    I bought whatever you paid for.
Related terms[edit]
  • a (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 4[edit]

an +‎ -r

Particle[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative
    Ar iarr sé ar phós sí?
    Did he ask whether she married?
Related terms[edit]
  • an (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Particle[edit]

ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggers lenition in the past/conditional)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense
    an fear ar múinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son is a teacher
    an fear ar iascaire a mhac ― the man whose son is a fisherman
  2. Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense
    an fear ar mhúinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son was a teacher
  3. Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense
    Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?
    Would you like a cup of tea?
    Níl a fhios agam ar mhaith léi cupán tae.
    I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.
Related terms[edit]
Irish copular forms
Simple copular forms
Present/future
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses is ní an nach
Direct relative clauses nach
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbv an nach
Past/conditional
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses ba, b’v níor, níorbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Direct relative clauses ba, abv nár, nárbhv
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbhv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Present subjunctive
Affirmative Negative
gura, gurabv nára, nárabv
    Compound copular forms
Base word Present/future Past/conditional
cá cár, cárbv cár, cárbhv
cé cér, cérbv cér, cérbhv
dá dá mba, dá mb’v
de/do dar, darbv dar, darbhv
faoi faoinar, faoinarbv faoinar, faoinarbhv
i inar, inarbv inar, inarbhv
le lenar, lenarbv lenar, lenarbhv
má más má ba, má b’v
mura mura, murabv murar, murarbhv
ó (prep.) ónar, ónarbv ónar, ónarbhv
ó (conj.) ós ó ba, ó b’v
trí trínar, trínarbv trínar, trínarbhv
v Used before vowel sounds

Etymology 5[edit]

From Middle Irish ol, from Old Irish ol.

Verb[edit]

ar (used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)

  1. said, says
    “Tar isteach,” ar seisean.
    “Come in,” he said.
    “Ní thuigim,” ar sise.
    “I don’t understand,” she says.
    “Cén fáth?” ar siadsan.
    “Why?” they said.
Related terms[edit]
  • arsa (used with other persons and with full nouns)

Etymology 6[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (genitive singular air)

  1. verbal noun of air (“plough”)
  2. (literary, agriculture) tillage
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative ar
Vocative a air
Genitive air
Dative ar

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an t-ar
Genitive an air
Dative leis an ar

don ar

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
ar n-ar har t-ar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 100

Further reading[edit]

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “ar” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “ar” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Italian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈar/
  • Rhymes: -ar
  • Hyphenation: àr

Contraction[edit]

ar

  1. (Rome) Contraction of a er (“to the, at the”).

Jamaican Creole[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Derived from English or.

Conjunction[edit]

ar

  1. or
    • 2023, Yuunivorshal Deklarieshan a Yuuman Raits, United Nations, Aatikl 17:
      Evribadi av di rait fi uon prapati bai demself ar wid ada piipl.
      Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
      (literally, “Everybody have the right to own property by themselves or with other people.”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. her
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Maak 7:30:
      Wen shi riich uom shi si ar pikni lai dong pan ar bed an di diiman gaan outa ar.
      She went home and found the child lying on the bed, the demon gone.
      (literally, “When she went home she saw her child lying on the bed and the demon had gone out of her.”)

Further reading[edit]

  • ar at majstro.com

Kalasha[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit आरा (ārā), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óleh₂ (“awl”). Cognate with German Ahle, English awl.

Noun[edit]

ar

  1. awl

Khasi[edit]

Khasi cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : ar

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Pnar ar, Blang lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

Numeral[edit]

ar

  1. two

Latgalian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ár. Cognates include Latvian ar (“with”) and dialectal Lithuanian ar (“and”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈâr]
  • Hyphenation: ar

Preposition[edit]

ar (+ instrumental)

  1. with

References[edit]

  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN

Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- Cognate with Lithuanian ar (“whether, if, and”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).

Preposition[edit]

ar (with instrumental)

  1. with

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. inflection of art:
    1. second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. third-person plural present indicative
    3. second-person singular imperative
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of art
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of art

Lithuanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“thus, so”), thought to be a specialized conjunctional usage of the Proto-Indo-European root's usual "to fit" meaning. Cognate with Latvian ar (“whether, if, with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).

Conjunction[edit]

ar̃

  1. (interrogative) whether, if
    Ar norite valgyti? ― Do you want to eat?
    Nežinau, ar tai tiesa, ar ne. ― I don't know whether that is true or not.
  2. (dialectal) and

Usage notes[edit]

Although commonly placed at the start of a sentence to form a yes/no question, it is not necessary to use ar to form such a question. Intonation alone can accomplish that. Additionally, there are other particles that can be used for the same purpose: ar̃gi, bè, benè, gál, kažìn, nègi, nejaũ, nejaũgi.

See also[edit]

  • czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)

References[edit]

  • Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, →ISBN, pages 400, 428, 597, 712–713
  • Derksen, Rick (2015) “ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

Further reading[edit]

  • “ar”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
  • “ar”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2024

Malay[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English ar.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar (plural ar-ar)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

Synonyms[edit]

  • er (Indonesian)
  • ra (Jawi letter name)

See also[edit]

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ar

  1. (chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar

  1. (Northern) Alternative form of ore (“honour”)

Middle Welsh[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

Preposition[edit]

ar (triggers lenition)

  1. on, upon
  2. over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
Inflection[edit]
  • First-person singular: arnaf
  • Second-person singular: arnat
  • Third-person singular masculine: arnaw
  • Third-person singular feminine: arnei, erni
  • First-person plural: arnam
  • Second-person plural: arnawch
  • Third-person plural: arnunt
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. he/she who, whoever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
      Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.
  2. that which, whatever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
      What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Iranian *āθ(a)r-, from *HáHtr̥š, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”).

Noun[edit]

ar m (Arabic spelling ئار)

  1. fire
    Synonyms: agir, alav, pêt
  2. ash, ashes
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar
Definite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative ar ar
Construct arê arên
Oblique arî aran
Demonstrative oblique wî arî wan aran
Vocative aro arino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative arek arin
Construct arekî arine
Oblique arekî arinan
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (Arabic spelling ئار)

  1. Alternative form of ard (“flour”)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar
Definite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative ar ar
Construct arê arên
Oblique arî aran
Demonstrative oblique wî arî wan aran
Vocative aro arino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative arek arin
Construct arekî arine
Oblique arekî arinan

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar ?

  1. shame, disgrace
    Synonym: 'ar
  2. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
  3. Abbreviation of argon.

References[edit]

  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 10
  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 10

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology[edit]

From French are (“are”), from Latin ārea (“a piece of level ground, vacant ground, house ground”), either from Proto-Italic *āzeā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eHs- (“to become dry, burn; hearth, ashes”), or from Proto-Italic *āreā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂r-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eh₂rh₃- (“threshing tool”).

Noun[edit]

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara or arene)

  1. an are, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “ar” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
  • “ar” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Etymology[edit]

From French are, from Latin area.

Noun[edit]

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara)

  1. an are, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Old English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”). Cognate with German Ehre.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

ār f

  1. honour, glory, grace
    • Exeter Book, The Wanderer
      Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
      Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdcearig
      A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
      Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āra, āre
accusative āre āra, āre
genitive āre āra
dative āre ārum
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ. Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Compare Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).

Noun[edit]

ār n

  1. ore, brass, copper
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār ār
accusative ār ār
genitive āres āra
dative āre ārum
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *airu (“oar”), from Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.

Noun[edit]

ār f

  1. oar
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āra, āre
accusative āre āra, āre
genitive āre āra
dative āre ārum
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *airu (“messenger”), from Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).

Noun[edit]

ār m

  1. messenger, herald
    • 8th-11th century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6:
      Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.
      I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.
  2. angel
  3. missionary
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āras
accusative ār āras
genitive āres āra
dative āre ārum

Old Galician-Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

from Latin re- (“again”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ar

  1. also
  2. again

Descendants[edit]

  • Portuguese: er

Old Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂í. Cognates include Ancient Greek παραί (paraí, “beside”) and Old English fore (modern English for and fore).

Preposition[edit]

ar (with accusative or dative)

  1. for, for the sake of, because of

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ar
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. airium, erum, erumm, erom erumsa
2d person sing. airiut, aurut, erut, ærut, airut erutsu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative airiu
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative airi
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative airri, airre
1st person pl. airiund, erunn, erund, erond, eronn, airriun, airund
2d person pl. airib airibsi, airiu(i)bsi, eruibsi
3d person pl., dative airib, airaib
3d person pl., accusative air(r)iu, err(i)u, erro, erthu, airthiu, airtho air(r)iusom, err(i)usom

Forms combined with the definite article:

  • masculine/feminine accusative singular: arin
  • neuter accusative singular: ara
  • dative singular all genders: arin(d), airind(í)
  • accusative plural all genders: arna
  • dative plural all genders: a(i)rnaib

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

  • first person singular: armo
  • third person singular and plural: ara

Form combined with the relative particle: ara

Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ar

  1. Alternative spelling of air (“for, since”)

Further reading[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.

Determiner[edit]

ar (triggers eclipsis)

  1. our

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Descendants[edit]
  • Irish: ár
  • Scottish Gaelic: ar

Further reading[edit]

Old Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *jērą.

Noun[edit]

ār n

  1. year

Declension[edit]

  Declension of ar (strong a-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ār ārit ār ārin
accusative ār ārit ār ārin
dative āri, āre ārinu, āreno ārum, ārom ārumin, āromen
genitive ārs ārsins āra āranna

Descendants[edit]

Pnar[edit]

Pnar cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : ar
    Ordinal : wa ar

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Khasi ar, Blang lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

ar

  1. two

Polabian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Low German or.

Conjunction[edit]

ar

  1. or

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Low German her.

Adverb[edit]

ar

  1. here
Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

  • The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s): 
    3=1
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “I. ar”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), numbers 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 19
  • The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s): 
    3=1
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “II. ar||er”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), numbers 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 19
  • Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “ar I.”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 34
  • Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “ar//er II.”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 34
  • Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “ar”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 7
  • Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “Err”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 266

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from French are.

Noun[edit]

ar m inan (abbreviation a)

  1. (metrology) are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar
singular plural
nominative ar ary
genitive ara arów
dative arowi arom
accusative ar ary
instrumental arem arami
locative arze arach
vocative arze ary

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

ar f pl

  1. genitive plural of ara

Further reading[edit]

  • ar in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese aar, aire, aere, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).

Pronunciation[edit]

 
 

  • (Caipira Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈaɹ/
  • Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Portugal) -aʁ
  • Hyphenation: ar
  • Audio (Brazil - São Paulo)(file)

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural ares)

  1. air
  2. look, air (aspect)

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From older Romanian ară, are, presumably from Latin habēret (for the singular) and habērent (for the plural). See also are.

Verb[edit]

(el/ea) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

  1. (he/she) would

Verb[edit]

(ele/ei) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person plural form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

  1. (they) would

Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of ara

Etymology 3[edit]

From French are.

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural ari)

  1. an are (a unit of area equal to 100 square metres)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ar arul (niște) ari arii
genitive/dative (unui) ar arului (unor) ari arilor
vocative arule arilor

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish ar. Cognates include Irish ár.

Pronunciation[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ar (triggers eclipsis)

  1. our
    ar n-athair. ― our father.
    Tha ar nighean ruadh. ― Our daughter is red-haired.
    Tha ar n-oilthigh ùr. ― Our university is new.
See also[edit]
Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
Singular Plural
+ C + V + C + V
First person moL m' ar arN
Second person doL d' ur urN
Third person m aL — an, am1) an
Third person f a aH
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar (defective)

  1. think
Usage notes[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ar (comparative aire)

  1. slow, sluggish

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (Cyrillic spelling ар)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar
singular plural
nominative ar ari
genitive ara ara
dative aru arima
accusative ar are
vocative are ari
locative arom arima
instrumental aru arima

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Ultimately from Latin area, probably via French are. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun[edit]

ar c or n

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ar aren ar aren
Genitive ars arens ars arens
Declension of ar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ar aret ar aren
Genitive ars arets ars arens
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Noun[edit]

ar m

  1. (dialectal) eagle

References[edit]

Tagalog[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English ar, the English name of the letter R/r.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter R, in the Filipino alphabet.
    Synonyms: (in the Abakada alphabet) ra, (in the Abecedario) ere

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “ar”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish عار (ar), from Arabic عَار (ʕār).

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. feeling of shame
    • 2023 November 22, Owen Jones, Annwn’da yaşam: Willy jones'un ölümden sonraki hikâyesi (Annwn)‎[2], Tektime, →ISBN:
      ... pek arsız değil . ” " Evet , tamam . Bazen biraz arsız olsan da bağımsız olmanı daha çok seviyorum . Bana gençliğimizi hatırlatıyorsun ... Ergenlik çağında flört ettiğimiz zamanları . Sende aynı çizgi o zamanlarda vardı ... " " Öyle mi ...
      not very cheeky. ” " Yes , okay . Even though you can be a little cheeky sometimes , I like it more when you are independent . You remind me of our youth ... when we used to flirt in adolescence . You had the same streak back then
    • (Can we date this quote?), Mo Yan, İri Memeler ve Geniş Kalçalar (Dünya Edebiyatı)‎[3], Can Yayınları, →ISBN:
      ... ar kalmamış! Sen onunla birlikteyken eniştesini çalan baldızı oynuyordun, herkesin kitabında bunun utanç verici olduğu yazar!” Ablam bir an şaşırdı, hemen arkasından, “Ana, sen çok değiştin,” dedi. Annem, “Evet, değiştim ama ben yine de ...
      No decency at all! When you were with him, you were playing the sister-in-law who stole his brother-in-law, it is written in everyone's book that this is shameful!” My sister was surprised for a moment, then said, "Mother, you have changed a lot." My mother said, “Yes, I have changed, but I still...
Derived terms[edit]
  • arsız (“shameless”)
  • arlı (“scrupulous”) (Often in negation, such as "anladım o sana fena davrandı ama sende pek arlı değilsin.)
    (I see she treated you meanly, yet you are no angel either)
  • arsızlık yapmak (“act cheekily”) (or sentence structure "arsızca davranmak")
  • ar kalmamış (“unscrupulous”) (it is a fixed phrase and in negation only, see quotes.)
  • arsız köpek (“cheeky bastard”) (vulgar, offensive)

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from French are.

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. are (unit of area)

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Welsh ar, from Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ar (triggers soft mutation or h-prothesis if before ugain)

  1. on
  2. about to (with a verbal noun)
    • King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
      Brysiwch, mae’r trên ar fynd!
      Hurry up, the train’s about to leave!

Inflection[edit]

Personal forms (literary)
Singular Plural
First person arnaf arnom
Second person arnat arnoch
Third person arno m
arni f 		arnynt
Personal forms (colloquial)
Singular Plural
First person arno i/fi, arna i arnon ni
Second person arnot ti, arnat ti arnoch chi
Third person arno fe/fo m
arni hi f 		arnyn nhw

Yola[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English or; partially contracted from other, auther, from Old English āþor, āwþer, āhwæþer.

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ar

  1. or
    • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:
      Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,
      Or any other thing that would comfort me,
    • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:
      Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treesh ar thraame;
      Good for not one thing; neither for the trace, nor the car.
    • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:
      Ich woode be pitcht ee kurkeen, ar zippeen, to a coolaan.
      I would be poked into the mow or the stack up to the back of my head.

References[edit]

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 104
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