هجوم

Arabic

Root
ه ج م (h-j-m)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hu.d͡ʒuːm/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

هُجُوم • (hujūm) m

1. verbal noun of هَجَمَ (hajama) (form I)
2. attack

Declension

Declension of noun هُجُوم (hujūm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هُجُوم hujūm	الْهُجُوم al-hujūm	هُجُوم hujūm
Nominative	هُجُومٌ hujūmun	الْهُجُومُ al-hujūmu	هُجُومُ hujūmu
Accusative	هُجُومًا hujūman	الْهُجُومَ al-hujūma	هُجُومَ hujūma
Genitive	هُجُومٍ hujūmin	الْهُجُومِ al-hujūmi	هُجُومِ hujūmi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: hücum
• → Bashkir: һөжүм (höjüm, “attack”)
• → Persian: هجوم (“attack”)

  Urdu: ہُجُوم (hujūm)

• → Ottoman Turkish: هجوم (hücum)

  > Turkish: hücum (inherited)

• → Tatar: һөҗүм (höcüm), höcüm
• → Turkmen: hüjüm
• → Uyghur: ھۇجۇم (hujum)
• → Uzbek: hujum
• → Swahili: hujuma

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic هُجُوم (hujūm).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [hu.ˈd͡ʒuːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hʊ.d͡ʒúːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hʊ.d͡ʒúːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊ.d͡ʒúːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔu.d͡ʒúm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ho.d͡ʒúːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hu.d͡ʒúm]

Readings
Classical reading?	hujūm
Dari reading?	hujūm
Iranian reading?	hojum
Tajik reading?	hujum

Noun

هجوم • (hojum)

1. invasion, attack

   Synonym: حمله (hamle)

   • c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 226”, in دیوان امیر معزی‎^[1]:

     تو به بغدادی و در روم از هجوم لشکرت
     هست قیصر مستمند و لشکر او سوگوار

     tu ba bağdād-ī u dar rūm az hujūm-i laškar-at
     hast qaysar mustmand u laškar-i ō sōgwār

     You are in Baghdad, and in Byzantium, due to your army's attack,
     The Emperor is in distress and his army is mournful.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “هجوم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim