cos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cos"

Translingual

Symbol

cos

1. (trigonometry) cosine.
2. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Corsican.

English

Etymology 1

From Cos, name of the Greek island from where it was introduced.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /kɑs/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kɒs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒs

Noun

cos (plural coses)

1. Romaine lettuce: a variety of lettuce with long, crisp leaves.

Translations

variety of lettuce with long, crisp leaves — see Romaine lettuce

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kɒz/; (unstressed) IPA^(key): /kəz/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kʌz/; (unstressed) IPA^(key): /kəz/

Conjunction

cos

1. (UK, Ireland, South Africa, African-American Vernacular) Informal spelling of 'cause (“because”).
   • 2021, Isabel Waidner, Sterling Karat Gold, Peninsula Press, page 161:

     Taking the shortcut through the alleyway by the Jobcentre Plus, just cos I can, we arrive at my flat within minutes.

Translations

because — see because

Etymology 3

Clipping of cousin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʌz/

Noun

cos (plural cosses)

1. (informal, African-American Vernacular) A cousin, cuz.

Etymology 4

From co +‎ -s.

Noun

cos

1. plural of co

Pronoun

cos

1. (nonstandard) Belonging to co. Gender-neutral possessive adjective, grammatically equivalent to the gendered his and her and the singular their.
   • 1973, Michael Glenn, Richard Kunnes, Repression or Revolution?: Therapy in the United States Today, Harper Colophon Books, →ISBN, page 53:

     Psychiatrists are trained to try to impose the responsibility for a patient’s problem on the patient coself, rather than on cos environment.

   • 1975, Valida Davila, “A Child’s Sexual Bill of Rights”, in Bernhardt J. Hurwood, editor, The Whole Sex Catalogue, New York, N.Y.: Pinnacle Books, published 1976, →ISBN, page 287:

     WHEREAS a child’s sexuality is just as much a part of cos whole person from birth as the blood that flows in cos veins, making cos sexual rights inherent and inalienable […]

   • 1986, Ingrid Komar, Living the Dream: Twin Oaks Community 1979-1982, Louisa, Va.: Twin Oaks Community, →OCLC, page 355:

     Co absents coself from the Community for more than three weeks beyond the point of having made satisfactory arrangements with the Community with regard to cos absence.

Alternative forms

• co's

Further reading

• cos on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• cosine on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• CSO, OCS, OCs, OSC, SCO, SOC, SoC, Soc, Soc., soc, soc.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• cosu

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *cōsō, from Latin consuō. Compare Romanian coase, cos.

Verb

cos first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative coasi or coase, past participle cusutã)

1. to sew

Related terms

• coasiri/coasire
• cusut

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan cors, from Latin corpus. Doublet of the borrowing corpus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkɔs]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

cos m (plural cossos)

1. body (physical structure of a human or animal)
2. body, corpse

   Synonym: cadàver

Derived terms

• anticòs
• cos celeste
• cos pituïtari
• cossar
• cossatge

 

References

• “cos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Further reading

• “cos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “cos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “cos” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Chinese

Noun

cos

1. (ACG, informal) cosplay

   玩cos的人  ―  wán cos de rén  ―  someone who cosplays; cosplayer

2. (ACG, informal) cosplay costume

Verb

cos

1. (ACG, informal) to cosplay
2. (slang, by extension) LARP; To pretend to be something, or act as something

   cos共產主義／cos共产主义  ―  cos gòngchǎnzhǔyì  ―  LARP as a communist

Derived terms

• coser

 

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡sos]

Pronoun

cos

1. Alternative form of cosi

Declension

Declension of cos (sg-only inanimate pronoun)

	singular
nominative	cos
genitive	čehos
dative	čemus
accusative	cos
vocative	—
locative	čems
instrumental	číms

Further reading

• cos in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• cos in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• cos in Internetová jazyková příručka

Friulian

Etymology

From Slovene kòš, from Proto-Slavic *košь.

Noun

cos m (plural cos)

1. basket

   Synonyms: gei, geùt, ceste

Galician

Etymology

From contraction of preposition con (“with”) + masculine plural definite article os (“the”).

Contraction

cos m pl (masculine co, feminine coa, feminine plural coas)

1. with the

Irish

Alternative forms

• cois (Cois Fharraige)

Etymology

From Old Irish cos, from Proto-Celtic *koxsā (cf. Welsh coes), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *koḱs-, whence also Latin coxa (“hip”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔsˠ/
• (Munster, also) IPA^(key): /kɞsˠ/

Noun

cos f (genitive singular coise, nominative plural cosa)

1. foot
2. leg

Declension

Declension of cos

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative cos cosa Vocative a chos a chosa Genitive coise cos Dative cois cosa

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an chos na cosa Genitive na coise na gcos Dative leis an gcois don chois leis na cosa

• Dual: dhá chois

Derived terms

• a chois (“beside”)
• alt na coise
• ar cois (“afoot”)
• bord scríbhneoireachta coise (“pedestal writing-table”)
• caol na coise (“ankle”)
• cois
• coisbheart (“footwear”)
• coiscéim (“footstep”)
• coisdeargán (“redshank”)
• coisí (“pedestrian”)
• coisigh (“travel on foot”)
• coislí (“footpath”)
• coistéad (“footrope”)
• cor coise (“act of tripping someone”)
• cos bhacóide (“one leg (of the two)”)
• cos deiridh (“hind leg”)
• cos dubh (“maidenhair”)
• cos ghé (“goosefoot”)
• cos thinn (“rainy day”)
• cos tosaigh (“front leg”)
• cos-ardach (“arched; high-stepping”)
• cos-scamallach (“web-footed”)
• cos-slua (“infantry”)
• cosa fuara (“stilts”)
• cosa in airde
• cosacán (“fetter”)
• cosán (“path”)
• cosbhalla (“footwall”)
• cosbhuí (“yellow-footed”)
• cosdaingean (“sure-footed”)
• cosdeargán
• coséadrom (“light-footed”)
• cosfhada (“long-legged”)
• coslia (“podiatrist”)
• cosligthe (“unfettered”)
• cosluath (“light-footed”)
• cosmhuintir (“hangers-on, dependants”)
• costinn (“footsore”)
• costirim (“dry-footed”)
• crágchos (“cheliped”)
• de chois
• deil choise (“treadle”)
• droichead coise (“footbridge”)
• gearrchosach (“short-legged; short-handled”)
• i gcois (“beside”)
• in aghaidh do chos
• in éadan do chos (“reluctantly”)
• ionga coise (“toenail”)
• le cois (“in addition to”)
• maide coise (“stretcher”)
• méar coise (“toe”)
• muileann coise (“treadmill”)
• saighdiúir coise (“foot soldier”)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cos	chos	gcos
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cos”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 185
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cos”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Kashubian

Alternative forms

• cosz (regional)

Etymology

From co +‎ -s. Compare Polish coś and Slovincian cesz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɔs/
• Syllabification: cos

Pronoun

cos

1. indeterminate pronoun; something

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “cos”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎^[1] (in Kashubian), page 18
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “coś”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2], volume 1, page 208
• “cos/cosz”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *kōtis, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃- (“to sharpen”). Cognate with Latin catus (“clever, cunning”), cautēs (“pointed rock”), cuneus (“wedge”) and Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /koːs/, [koːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kos/, [kɔs]

Noun

cōs f (genitive cōtis); third declension

1. whetstone

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cōs	cōtēs
Genitive	cōtis	cōtum
Dative	cōtī	cōtibus
Accusative	cōtem	cōtēs
Ablative	cōte	cōtibus
Vocative	cōs	cōtēs

Derived terms

• cōtōria

Descendants

• Catalan: cot
• French: queux
• Italian: cote, cotano
• Romanian: cute
• Sicilian: cuti
• ⇒ Spanish: codón

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• COS

Noun

cos

1. Abbreviation of consul.

References

• “cos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “cos”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “cos”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Middle English

Alternative forms

• cus, kis, kys, kysse, kesse

Etymology

From Old English coss, from Proto-West Germanic *koss, from Proto-Germanic *kussaz. Forms with /i/, /u/ and /ɛ/ are influenced by Old English cyssan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔs/, /kus/, /kis/, /kɛs/

Noun

cos (plural cosses or cossen)

1. a kiss (action of kissing)

   Synonym: kissynge

Descendants

• English: kiss
• Scots: kis
• Yola: kesse

References

• “cos, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old Cornish

Etymology

Proto-Brythonic *kọs, from Latin cāseus.

Noun

cos

1. cheese

Descendants

• Middle Cornish: kez, keas
  • Cornish: keus

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kos/

Noun

cos m

1. Alternative form of coss

Old French

Noun

cos m

1. inflection of cop:
   1. oblique plural
   2. nominative singular

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *koxsā (cf. Welsh coes), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *koḱs-. Cognate with Latin coxa (“hip”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kos/

Noun

cos f

1. foot
2. leg

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	cosL	coisL	cosaH, cossaH
Vocative	cosL	coisL	cosaH, cossaH
Accusative	coisN	coisL	cosaH, cossaH
Genitive	coiseH	cosL	cosN
Dative	coisL	cosaib	cosaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: cos
• Manx: cass
• Scottish Gaelic: cas

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
cos	chos	cos pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cos”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /kuʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /kos/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kuʃ/

Contraction

cos m pl (feminine plural cas)

1. (colloquial) Contraction of com os (“with the (masculine plural)”).

Romanian

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -os

Verb

cos

1. inflection of coase:
   1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. third-person plural present indicative

Spanish

Noun

cos m pl

1. plural of co