nos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nos"

English

Etymology 1

no +‎ -s

Alternative forms

• noes

Noun

nos

1. plural of no

Etymology 2

no. +‎ -s

Noun

nos

1. Alternative form of nos. Abbreviation of numbers.

Etymology 3

Abbreviation

Noun

nos (countable and uncountable, plural noses)

1. (countable) Acronym of nitrous oxide system.

   Coordinate term: NOx

2. (uncountable) Abbreviation of nitrous oxide (“N₂O”).

   Synonym: nox

See also

• inter nos

Anagrams

• -son, NSO, ONS, SON, Son, ons, son

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• mos, mo' (Benasquese, Low Ribagorçan)

Etymology

From Latin nos. Akin to Spanish nos and French nous.

Pronoun

nos

1. First-person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us

See also

Aragonese personal pronouns

				nominative	disjunctive	dative	accusative
first person	singular			yo	me, m'2
	plural	masculine		nusatros1.1		nos1.6
		feminine		nusatras1.1
second person	singular	familiar		tú	te, t'2
		formal		vusté,1.2 vos
	plural	familiar	masculine	vusatros1.3		vos, tos3
			feminine	vusatras1.3
		formal		vustés,1.2 vos
third person	singular	masculine		él1.4		le1.7	lo,1.8 l'2
		feminine		ella1.5			la
	plural	masculine		els, ellos1.4		les1.7	los1.9
		feminine		ellas1.5			las
	reflexive			—		se, s'2

1. The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
   1. nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
   2. usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
   3. vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
   4. ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
   5. era(s) (Belsetán).
   6. mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
   7. li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
   8. el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
   9. es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
2. The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
3. In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.

References

• “nos”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Asturian

Alternative forms

• mos (pronoun)
• ños (pronoun)

Etymology 1

From Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nos

1. us (dative and accusative of nosotros/nós)

Etymology 2

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article los (“the”).

Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg nel, feminine sg na, neuter sg no, feminine plural nes)

1. in the

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from the unstressed accusative of Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /nus/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /nos/ (always unstressed)

Pronoun

nos (enclitic, contracted 'ns, proclitic ens)

1. us (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

• -nos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.

  Fes-nos una visita, si us plau! ― Pay us a visit, please!

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.			3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 2

Inherited from the stressed nominative of Latin nōs (“we; us”); see Etymology 1. Replaced in normal usage by nosaltres. For the development of a distinction between stressed and unstressed forms of what was originally a single word, compare Portuguese nós and nos. See also the parallel development in Spanish of nosotros.

Alternative forms

• nós (pre-2016 spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnos]

Pronoun

nos

1. (archaic) we

   Synonym: nosaltres

2. (royal, majestic) we (the so-called royal we, used by a king or queen to refer to themselves in the first person)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnos]

Noun

nos

1. plural of no (“no”)

Further reading

• “nos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “nos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “nos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Cornish

Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish nos, from Old Cornish nos, either inherited from Proto-Celtic *noxs or borrowed from Latin nox. In either case, cognate with Breton noz, Welsh nos and Gaulish nox, all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

Noun

nos f (plural nosow)

1. night

Etymology 2

From Latin nota. Cognate with Welsh nod, Irish nod, nóta and English note. Doublet of noten.

Noun

nos m (plural nosow)

1. mark
2. token

References

• nos in the Gerlyver Kernewek Cornish Dictionary

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnos]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: nos
• Rhymes: -os

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Czech nos

Czech nos

Inherited from Old Czech nos.

Noun

nos m inan

1. (anatomy) nose

   Synonyms: frňák, čenich, raťafák

Declension

Declension of nos (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosu	nosů
dative	nosu	nosům
accusative	nos	nosy
vocative	nose	nosy
locative	nose, nosu	nosech
instrumental	nosem	nosy

Derived terms

• nosáč
• nosní

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

nos

1. second-person singular imperative of nosit

Further reading

• nos in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• nos in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• nos in Internetová jazyková příručka

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nos m pl or f pl

1. First person plural nominative pronoun; we
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:

     I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]

     And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

2. (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:

     Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

     We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

Usage notes

• In Mañegu noshotrus and noshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
• Takes the form -nus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular		ei	me, -mi		mi
	plural	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		masculine	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		feminine	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
second person	singular		tú	te, -ti		ti
	plural	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		masculine	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		feminine	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
third person	singular	masculine	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		feminine	ela		a	ela
	plural	masculine	elis		usLV, osM	elis
		feminine	elas		as	elas
	reflexive		—	se, -si		sí

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, equivalent to en (“in”) +‎ os (masculine plural definite article).

Alternative forms

• nus (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Contraction

nos m pl (singular no, feminine na, feminine plural nas)

1. (Mañegu) in the

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French

Etymology

From Old French noz, probably from Latin nostros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /no/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o

Determiner

nos pl

1. plural of notre; our

   Nos enfants nous rendent souvent visite.

   Our children visit us often.

Related terms

			Possessee
			Singular		Plural
			Masculine	Feminine
Possessor	Singular	First person	mon1	ma	mes
		Second person	ton1	ta	tes
		Third person	son1	sa	ses
	Plural	First person	notre		nos
		Second person	votre2		vos2
		Third person	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

Further reading

• “nos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• son

Galician

Etymology 1

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article os (“the”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nʊs/

Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg no, feminine sg na, feminine plural nas)

1. in the

Etymology 2

From a mutation of os.

Pronoun

nos m (accusative)

1. Alternative form of os (“them”, masculine plural)

Usage notes

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

See also

• Appendix:Galician pronouns
• los
• os
• nós

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

nos

1. inflection of nós:
   1. accusative/dative
   2. reflexive

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese nós. Cognate with Kabuverdianu anos.

Pronoun

nos

1. we, first person plural.

Hungarian

Etymology

no (interjection) +‎ s (“and”, conjunction)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnoʃ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: nos
• Rhymes: -oʃ

Interjection

nos

1. well

Further reading

• nos in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Interlingua

Pronoun

nos

1. we
2. us

Kashubian

Picture dictionary

nos

czaszka

mùsk

òczë

nos

gãba

broda

szczãka

ùchò

słëch

szëja

Click on labels in the image

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Kashubian nos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosk, related adjective nosowi)

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
2. (rare) beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
3. (agriculture) tip of a scythe blade
4. (agriculture) nose (in a wheelbarrow, the front part of the bar with a hole at the end, in which the movable wheel axis rotates)
5. (nautical) beak (front part of a ship)
6. brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)
7. (chiefly in the plural) remains of dry branches on a tree
8. stalk (blade of grass)

Derived terms

nouns

• nosorożc
• nosoróg

 

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “nos”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎^[2] (in Kashubian), page 120
• Bernard Sychta (1967–1973) “nos”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich, volume 3, page 217
• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “nos”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “nos”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[3]
• “nos”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *nōs, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /noːs/, [noːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /nos/, [nɔs]

Pronoun

nōs

1. nominative/accusative plural of ego: we, us

Usage notes

When used in the plural genitive, nostrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Nostrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of us).

Declension

Number	Singular							Plural
Person	First	Second	Reflexive third	Third				First	Second	Reflexive third	Third
Case / Gender	Masc./ Fem./Neut.			Masc.	Fem.	Neut.		Masc./ Fem./Neut.			Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
Nominative	egō̆	tū	—	is	ea	id		nōs	vōs	—	eī iī	eae	ea
Genitive	meī	tuī	suī	eius				nostrī nostrum	vestrī vestrum	suī	eōrum	eārum	eōrum
Dative	mihī̆	tibī̆	sibi	eī				nōbīs	vōbīs	sibi	eīs
Accusative	mē	tē	sē sēsē	eum	eam	id		nōs	vōs	sē sēsē	eōs	eās	ea
Ablative	mē	tē	sē sēsē	eō	eā	eō		nōbīs	vōbīs	sē sēsē	eīs
Vocative	egō	tū	—					nōs	vōs	—

Derived terms

• nōbīscum
• nōsmet

Descendants

• Aromanian: noi, noauã, nauã, nau
• Asturian: nós, nosotros, ñós, ñosotros
• Catalan: nós, nosaltres
• Dalmatian: nu, noi, nojiltri
• Old French: nos, nous
  • Middle French: nous
    • French: nous, nous autres
• Friulian: nô, noaltris
• Galician: nós, nosoutros
• Istriot: nui
• Italian: noi, noialtri
• Occitan: nos, nosautres
• Portuguese: nós
• Romanian: noi, nouă
• Romansch: nus, nous
• Sardinian: nois, noso, nosu, nos
• Sicilian: nui, nuàutri
• Old Spanish: nos
  • Spanish: nos, nosotros
• Venetian: noi, nu, noaltri, noantri
• Walloon: nos

See also

Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Ablative	Possessive
Singular	First	—	ego	meī	mihi	mē		meus, -a, -um
	Second	—	tū	tuī	tibi	tē		tuus, -a, -um
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	is	ēius	eī	eum	eō	ēius
		Feminine	ea			eam	eā
		Neuter	id			id	eō
Plural	First	—	nōs	nostrī, nostrum	nōbīs	nōs	nōbīs	noster, -tra, -trum
	Second	—	vōs	vestrī, vestrum	vōbīs	vōs	vōbīs	vester, -tra, -trum
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	eī, iī	eōrum	eīs	eōs	eīs	eōrum
		Feminine	eae	eārum		eās		eārum
		Neuter	ea	eōrum		ea		eōrum

References

• "nos", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "nos", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Lombard

Alternative forms

• nus (Modern orthography)

Etymology

From Latin nucem, accusative singular of nux (“nut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *knew-.

Pronunciation

• (Milan) IPA^(key): /nuːs/

Noun

nos f (invariable) (Classical Milanese orthography)

1. walnut (fruit and tree)
2. (botany) nut

References

• Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 3, 1843, p. 179

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔs/

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosk)

1. nose

Declension

Declension of nos

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	nos	nosa	nose
Genitive	nosa	nosowu	nosow
Dative	nosoju	nosoma	nosam
Accusative	nos	nosa	nose
Instrumental	nosom	nosoma	nosami
Locative	nosu	nosoma	nosach

Masurian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Polish nos

Masurian nos

Inherited from Old Polish nos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɔs]
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosek)

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell, sometimes of animals)
2. (by extension) nose (pointy end of something)
   1. (agriculture) nose (in a wheelbarrow, the front part of the bar with a hole at the end, in which the movable wheel axis rotates)
   2. brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)
3. (in the plural) maple seed wings

Further reading

• Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “nos”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎^[4], volume 4, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 345

Middle English

Noun

nos (plural nosses)

1. Alternative form of nose

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Noun

nos f or m (definite singular nosa or nosen, indefinite plural noser, definite plural nosene)

1. (dialectal) nose
2. (dialectal) steep protruding point on a mountain

Synonyms

• (nose): nese

References

• “nos” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “nos” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Noun

nos f (definite singular nosa, indefinite plural naser, definite plural nasene)

1. nose
2. steep protruding point on a mountain

Synonyms

• (nose): nase

References

• “nos” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• sno, son

Occitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nus/

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin nōs.

Pronoun

nos

1. to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)
2. ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)

Etymology 2

From Old Occitan nos, nous, nou, from Latin nōdus. Compare Catalan nus, French nœud, Italian nodo.

Noun

nos m (plural noses)

1. knot

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Czech nos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈnos/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈnos/

Noun

nos m inan

1. (anatomy) nose
2. beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
3. toe cap (long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)
4. (by extension) any device or object resembling a nose

Declension

Declension of nos (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	nos	nosy	nosi, nosové
genitive	nosa, nosu	nosú	nosóv
dative	nosu	nosoma	nosóm
accusative	nos	nosy	nosy
vocative	nose	nosy	nosi, nosové
locative	nosě, nosu	nosú	nosiech
instrumental	nosem	nosoma	nosy

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: nos

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “nos”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old French

Alternative forms

• nous (first-person plural subject pronoun)
• nus (first-person plural subject pronoun)

Etymology

From Latin nōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (early) /nos/
• IPA^(key): (late) /nus/

Pronoun

nos

1. we (first-person plural subject pronoun)
2. our (masculine and feminine plural possessive pronoun)
3. to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)
4. ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)

Descendants

• Middle French: nous
  • French: nous

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Polish nos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /nɔs/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /nɔs/

Noun

nos m animacy unattested

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
   • 1877-1881 [c. 1418], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 2151:

     Nos yego y vsta bez wschey ganibi

     [Nos jego i usta bez wszej gańby]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 86v:

     Nasus eyn nasz nosz

     [Nasus eyn nasz nos ]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 109v:

     Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz konyecz noszą

     [Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz koniecz nosa]

2. beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
   • 1885-2024 [XV ex.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne‎^[5], volume V, page 27:

     Clekotacz ząbi, nossem croculo

     [Klekotać zęby, nosem croculo]

Derived terms

adjectives

• nosaty

 

nouns

• bociani nos
• czapi nos
• nosek

 

Descendants

• Masurian: nos
• Polish: nos
• Silesian: nos

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “nos”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “nos”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “nos”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “nos”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “nos”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Old Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Slovak nos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nos First attested in 1473.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /nɔs/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /nɔs/

Noun

nos m inan

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
2. (by extension) any device or object resembling a nose
3. vimba bream, Vimba vimba

Descendants

• Pannonian Rusyn: нос (nos)
• Slovak: nos

References

• Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “nos”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Old Spanish

Etymology 1

From Latin nōs, in the nominative case, and accusative nōs stressed.

Pronoun

nos

1. nominative of nos: we
   • between 1140-1207, Cid, 1280-1281 :

     a grãd ondr̃a vernan
     Aeſtas t͠rras eſtranas q̃ nos pudiemos ganar

     They [the Cid's wife and daughters] will come in great honour
     to these foreign lands, which we had won

2. prepositional of nos: us

Descendants

• Spanish: nos (archaic or dialectal)
• Spanish: nosotros

Etymology 2

From Latin nōs, in the accusative case unstressed, and dative nōbīs.

Pronoun

nos

1. accusative of nos: us
2. dative of nos: to us, for us
   • between 1140-1207, Cid, 1298 :

     Qͣndo dios p̃ſtar nos qͥere nos biẽ gelo gradeſcamos
     (normalized) Quando Dios prestarnos quiere, nos bien ge lo gradescamos

     When God wants to help us, we should thank Him well for it

Descendants

• Spanish: nos

Etymology 3

Contraction of no (“not”) and se (“him/her/itself, themselves”).

Contraction

nos

1. not ... (to oneself)
   • between 1140-1207, Cid, 1243-1244 :

     Myo çid don Rͦ en valençia esta folgando
     Con el mẏnaẏa albarffanez q̃ nos le parte de so braço

     My Cid, don Rodrigo, is having a break in Valencia,
     with Minaya Álvar Fáñez, who does not leave (partirse) his side

   • 1140 – 1207, Cid, 1206-1207 :

     Sonando vã ſus nue͠uas todas atodas partes
     Mas le vienen a mẏo çid ſabet q̃ nos le van

     The news of him roam everywhere
     But more men come to my Cid, mind you, than those who leave (irse) him

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese nós and Kabuverdianu anos.

Pronoun

nos

1. we, first person plural.

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Polish nos

Polish nos

Inherited from Old Polish nos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔs/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosek, augmentative nochal or nosisko, related adjective nosowy)

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell, sometimes of animals)

   Synonym: kichawa

2. (colloquial) nose (sense of smell)

   Synonym: węch

3. nose (intuition in a field)
4. (by extension) nose (tip of an object, usually pointed)
   1. toe cap (long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)
5. (obsolete, colloquial) beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)

   Synonym: dziób

6. (obsolete) collar (part of an oil lamp where the wick comes out)
7. (Middle Polish) trunk (conspicuously extended, mobile, nose-like organ of an elephant)

   Synonym: trąba

8. (Middle Polish) nostril of a fish or other aquatic swamp animal

Declension

Declension of nos

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosa	nosów
dative	nosowi	nosom
accusative	nos	nosy
instrumental	nosem	nosami
locative	nosie	nosach
vocative	nosie	nosy

Derived terms

adjectives

• beznosy

 

adverbs

• pod nosem
• przez nos

 

interjections

• całuj psa w nos

 

nouns

• nosacz
• nosal
• nosówka
• prztyczek w nos
• rzymski nos
• z palcem w nosie

 

phrases

• dwie dziurki w nosie i skończyło się

 

proverbs

• nie wsadzaj nosa do cudzego prosa

 

verbs

• iść jak krew z nosa impf
• kręcić nosem impf
• mieć mleko pod nosem impf
• mieć muchy w nosie impf
• mieć po dziurki w nosie impf
• mieć w nosie impf
• nie wychylić nosa pf, nie wychylać nosa impf
• pasować jak pięść do nosa impf
• pilnować swojego nosa impf
• pociągnąć nosem pf, pociągać nosem impf
• podsunąć coś pod nos pf, podsuwać coś pod nos impf
• podsunąć wszystko pod nos pf, podsuwać wszystko pod nos impf
• przejść koło nosa pf, przechodzić koło nosa impf
• siedzieć z nosem impf
• sprzątnąć sprzed nosa pf, sprzątać sprzed nosa impf
• spuścić nos na kwintę pf, spuszczać nos na kwintę impf
• śmiać się w twarz impf
• uciec sprzed nosa pf, uciekać sprzed nosa impf
• uśmiechnąć się pod nosem pf, uśmiechać się pod nosem impf
• utrzeć nosa pf, ucierać nosa impf
• widzieć tylko czubek własnego nosa impf
• wodzić za nos impf
• wsadzić nos pf, wsadzać nos impf
• wsadzić nos w nie swoje sprawy pf, wsadzać nos w nie swoje sprawy impf
• wyczuć pismo nosem pf, czuć pismo nosem impf
• zadzierać nosa impf
• zagrać na nosie pf, grać na nosie impf
• zakręcić w nosie pf, kręcić w nosie impf
• zamknąć drzwi przed nosem pf, zamykać drzwi przed nosem impf

 

Further reading

• nos in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• nos in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “nos”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “NOS”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.06.2009
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[6]
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎^[7]
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[8] (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 408

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -us

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /nos/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• Hyphenation: nos

Pronoun

nos

1. inflection of nós:
   1. accusative
   2. dative

   Ele dir-nos-ia o nome do indivíduo. (Portugal)

   He would tell us the name of the individual.

   Ele nos diria o nome do indivíduo. (Brazil)

   He would tell us the name of the individual.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se			si		consigo
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se			si		consigo
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

Etymology 2

Pronoun

nos

1. Obsolete spelling of nós.

Etymology 3

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, clipping of enos, from en (“in”) + os (“the”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /nos/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• Hyphenation: nos

Contraction

nos m pl

2. Contraction of em os (“in the”): masculine plural of no
   • 2000, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Prisioneiro de Azkaban, Rocco, page 55:

     [...] o gato ronronava feliz nos braços de Hermione.

     [...] the cat was purring happily on Hermione's arms.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /nos/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• Hyphenation: nos

Pronoun

nos

2. Alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong

   Tirem-nos daqui agora!

   Take them from here now!

Usage notes

• This form is very rarely used in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, where nominative forms are preferred over third-person direct object pronouns (which, when used, are typically placed before verbs).

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nos/

Pronoun

nos (possessive nostru)

1. we

   Synonyms: nois, nosatros

2. us

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nôːs/

Noun

nȏs m (Cyrillic spelling но̑с, diminutive nòsić, relational adjective nòsnī)

1. (anatomy) nose

Declension

Declension of nos

	singular	plural
nominative	nȏs	nȍsovi/nȍsevi
genitive	nȍsa	nȍsōvā/nȍsēvā
dative	nòsu	nȍsovima/nȍsevima
accusative	nȏs	nȍsove/nȍseve
vocative	nȍsu	nȍsovi/nȍsevi
locative	nòsu	nȍsovima/nȍsevima
instrumental	nȍsom	nosovima/nȍsevima

Derived terms

• nòsat
• nòsina
• nòsnica
• nȍsorog
• nȍzdrva

Silesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Polish nos

Silesian nos

Inherited from Old Polish nos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/
• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)

   Synonym: (pejorative) kichol

2. brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)

Declension

Declension of nos

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosa	nosōw
dative	nosowi	nosōm
accusative	nos	nosy
instrumental	nosym	nosami/nosōma
locative	nosie	nosach
vocative	nosie	nosy

Further reading

• nos in dykcjonorz.eu
• nos in silling.org
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “nos”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 102
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “nos”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski‎^[9], page 452

Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Slovak nos

Slovak nos

Inherited from Old Slovak nos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɔs]

Noun

nos m inan

1. nose

Further reading

• “nos”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Alternative forms

• noſ (Bohorič alphabet)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nóːs/
• Rhymes: -oːs
• Hyphenation: nos

Noun

nọ̑s m inan

1. (anatomy) nose

   Synonyms: kumara, nosek, nosič

2. sense of smell

   Synonyms: voh, duh, njuh, vonj

3. (figuratively) nose (ability to find, deduce something)
4. nose (the tip of something)
5. (obsolete) reprimand^[→SSKJ]

   Synonym: ukor

Declension

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular
nom. sing.	nọ̑s
gen. sing.	nosȗ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	nosȗ	nosóv	nosóv
dative dajȃlnik	nọ̑su, nọ̑si	nosȏvoma, nosȏvama	nosȏvom, nọ̑sȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	nọ̑su, nọ̑si	nosȏvih	nosȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	nọ̑som	nosȏvoma, nosȏvama	nosȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏvi

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , fixed accent, special accent changes
nom. sing.	nọ̑s
gen. sing.	nọ̑sa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	nọ̑sa	nosóv	nosóv
dative dajȃlnik	nọ̑su, nọ̑si	nosȏvoma, nosȏvama	nosȏvom, nọ̑sȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	nọ̑su, nọ̑si	nosȏvih	nosȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	nọ̑som	nosȏvoma, nosȏvama	nosȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏvi

Derived terms

• dati eno po nosu
• dati komu pod nos
• dobiti v nos
• dolg nos
• iti v nos
• izpred nosa
• moker pod nosom
• na vrat na nos
• nesti na nos
• nizek nos
• nos kaj pravi
• nosljáti
• nosníca
• nósən
• nọ̑sək
• obesiti na nos
• obrisati se pod nosom
• podaljšati nos
• pomoliti nos iz hiše
• potegniti za nos
• povesiti nos
• pred nosom
• videti dalje od svojega nosa
• vihati nos
• visoko nositi nos
• vleči za nos
• voditi za nos
• vrat na nos
• vtakniti nos
• vtikati nos
• za nosom
• zavihati nos

 

See also

• dihati

Further reading

• “nos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “nos”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish nos, from accusative Latin nōs and dative Latin nōbīs, from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nos/ [nos]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: nos

Pronoun

nos (object pronoun)

1. dative of nosotros: to us, for us
2. accusative of nosotros: us
3. (reflexive) reflexive of nosotros: ourselves; each other
   • 1998, Roberto Bolaño, Los detectives salvajes, →ISBN, page 262:

     A eso de las cuatro de la mañana todos nos dijimos buenas noches.

     Around four in the morning, we all told each other good night.

4. (archaic, formal) first person; I (singular; compare vos)

Derived terms

• entre nos
• nos vemos

 

Noun

nos m pl

1. plural of no

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masculine2		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		feminine		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal3		usted	le, se4	lo/la5	usted
	plural	familiar6	masculine2	vosotros	os		vosotros
			feminine	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general3		ustedes	les, se4	los/las5	ustedes
third person	singular	masculine2		él	le, se4	lo	él
		feminine		ella		la	ella
		neuter		ello7		lo	ello
	plural	masculine2		ellos	les, se4	los	ellos
		feminine		ellas		las	ellas
	reflexive			—	se		sí1

1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
6. Used primarily in Spain
7. Used only in rare circumstances

References

• nos

Further reading

• “nos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s-.

Noun

nos c

1. a nose of an animal
2. (colloquial, humorous) the (area around the) nose and mouth of a human

   Synonym: (human nose) näsa

3. something that resembles a nose

   noshjul

   nosewheel

Declension

Declension of nos
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	nos	nosen	nosar	nosarna
Genitive	nos	nosens	nosars	nosarnas

Related terms

• näsa (human nose)
• nosa
• sötnos

See also

• mule

References

• nos in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• nos in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• nos in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• -son, ons, sno, son

Volapük

Pronoun

nos

1. nothing

Walloon

Etymology

From Old French nos, from Latin nos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔ/

Pronoun

nos

1. we

Related terms

• nozôtes

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh nos, according to Matasovic, a loanword from Latin nox (“night”), but according to Falileyev, from Old Welsh nos, from Proto-Celtic *noxt-stu-, a suffixed form of *noxs (“night”) (the expected Welsh descendant of this would be **noeth).

Cognates include Breton noz, Cornish nos and Gaulish nox

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /noːs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oːs

Noun

nos f (uncountable, not mutable)

1. night, evening

Usage notes

• Nos (“night, evening”) generally refers to the uncoutable period of darkness. The word is also used with the names of evenings and nights of days of the week, with holiday and festival names and in the phrase Nos da (“Good night”). It is therefore the opposite of dydd (“day”).

yn ystod y nos ― during the night

nos Wener ― Friday evening/night

Nos Galan ― New Year's Eve

• Noson (“night, evening”), on the other hand, is countable and refers to an individual evening or night and so is the word used when employing a qualifying numeral or adjective. It sits in contrast to the word diwrnod (“day”).

noson wych ― a great evening/night

tair noson ― three nights

• Noswaith (“evening”) is used in phrase Noswaith dda (“Good evening”). It is also synonymous to noson in some southern dialects.

(South Wales) tair noswaith ― three nights

Derived terms

Terms derived from nos

• brig y nos (“gloaming; twilight”)
• echnos (“the night before last”)
• gyda'r nos (“at night, in the evening”)
• llwydnos (“dusk, twilight”, literally “grey night”)
• min nos (“evening, twilight”, literally “the edge of night”)
• nos da (“goodnight”)
• noson (“evening; night”)
• noswaith (“evening”)
• pythefnos (“fortnight”, literally “fifteen nights”)
• wythnos (“week”, literally “eight nights”)

 

Related terms

Terms related to the root of nos

• heno (“tonight”)
• neithiwr (“last night”)
• trannoeth (“the day after”)

 

Western Apache

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nòs]

Noun

nos

1. manzanita plant

Usage notes

• occurs only in Dilzhe’eh (Tonto) dialect

See also

• dinos "manzanita"