պեղեմ
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Old Armenian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
The origin is uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bel- (“to dig, cut off?”) and cognate with Sanskrit बिल (bila, “hole, pit”) and Irish bealach (“way, pass”).[1][2][3][4] Others connect this verb to Urartian 𒉿𒇷 (pi-li /pili/, “canal”);[5][6][7][8][9] cognate with Hurrian 𒉿𒇷 (pe-li /peli/, “canal”), 𒉺𒆷 (pa-la /pala/, “canal”); rejected by Diakonoff on phonological grounds,[8] but Nielsen adduced the ł-conditioned -իղ- (-ił-) → -եղ- (-eł-) transformation argued for in Martirosyan's etymology[10] of շեղջ (šełǰ), աբեղայ (abełay), and ասեղն (asełn) in favour of a denominal origin of the verb from **պեղ (**peł) ← **պիղ (**pił, “canal”), ultimately from Urartian.[11] Others connect Dagestani terms like Bezhta пили (pili), Tsez пелу (pelu, “pipe, blood vessel”), Lak ппиӏллу (“pipe”);[12] rejected by Nielsen on vocalic grounds but with no detail given while citing an example with the Avar-Andic -u-,[11] yet these and Dargwa -a- contrast with the -i- vocalism of the terms found in Tsezic and Lak.
Verb[edit]
պեղեմ • (pełem) (aorist indicative պեղեցի)
- to dig, to hollow, to excavate, to delve; to sap, to mine, to sink
- պեղել գուբս, հորս ― pełel gubs, hors ― to open a trench, to sink a well
- զարտասուաց աղբիւրս պեղել ― zartasuacʻ ałbiwrs pełel ― to shed tears
- to engrave
Conjugation[edit]
active
| infinitive | պեղել (pełel) | participle | պեղեցեալ, պեղեալ (pełecʻeal, pełeal) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| causative | — | aorist stem | պեղեց- (pełecʻ-) | ||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | պեղեմ (pełem) | պեղես (pełes) | պեղէ (pełē) | պեղեմք (pełemkʻ) | պեղէք (pełēkʻ) | պեղեն (pełen) | |
| imperfect | պեղէի, պեղեի* (pełēi, pełei*) | պեղէիր, պեղեիր* (pełēir, pełeir*) | պեղէր (pełēr) | պեղէաք, պեղեաք* (pełēakʻ, pełeakʻ*) | պեղէիք, պեղեիք* (pełēikʻ, pełeikʻ*) | պեղէին, պեղեին* (pełēin, pełein*) | |
| aorist | պեղեցի (pełecʻi) | պեղեցեր (pełecʻer) | պեղեաց (pełeacʻ) | պեղեցաք (pełecʻakʻ) | պեղեցէք, պեղեցիք (pełecʻēkʻ, pełecʻikʻ) | պեղեցին (pełecʻin) | |
| subjunctive | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | պեղիցեմ (pełicʻem) | պեղիցես (pełicʻes) | պեղիցէ (pełicʻē) | պեղիցեմք (pełicʻemkʻ) | պեղիցէք (pełicʻēkʻ) | պեղիցեն (pełicʻen) | |
| aorist | պեղեցից (pełecʻicʻ) | պեղեսցես (pełescʻes) | պեղեսցէ (pełescʻē) | պեղեսցուք (pełescʻukʻ) | պեղեսջիք (pełesǰikʻ) | պեղեսցեն (pełescʻen) | |
| imperatives | — | (դու) | — | — | (դուք) | — | |
| imperative | — | պեղեա՛ (pełeá) | — | — | պեղեցէ՛ք (pełecʻḗkʻ) | — | |
| cohortative | — | պեղեսջի՛ր (pełesǰír) | — | — | պեղեսջի՛ք (pełesǰíkʻ) | — | |
| prohibitive | — | մի՛ պեղեր (mí pełer) | — | — | մի՛ պեղէք (mí pełēkʻ) | — | |
| *rare | |||||||
mediopassive
| infinitive | պեղել, պեղիլ* (pełel, pełil*) | participle | պեղեցեալ, պեղեալ (pełecʻeal, pełeal) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| causative | — | aorist stem | պեղեց- (pełecʻ-) | ||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | պեղիմ (pełim) | պեղիս (pełis) | պեղի (pełi) | պեղիմք (pełimkʻ) | պեղիք (pełikʻ) | պեղին (pełin) | |
| imperfect | պեղէի (pełēi) | պեղէիր (pełēir) | պեղէր, պեղիւր (pełēr, pełiwr) | պեղէաք (pełēakʻ) | պեղէիք (pełēikʻ) | պեղէին (pełēin) | |
| aorist | պեղեցայ (pełecʻay) | պեղեցար (pełecʻar) | պեղեցաւ (pełecʻaw) | պեղեցաք (pełecʻakʻ) | պեղեցայք (pełecʻaykʻ) | պեղեցան (pełecʻan) | |
| subjunctive | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | պեղիցիմ (pełicʻim) | պեղիցիս (pełicʻis) | պեղիցի (pełicʻi) | պեղիցիմք (pełicʻimkʻ) | պեղիցիք (pełicʻikʻ) | պեղիցին (pełicʻin) | |
| aorist | պեղեցայց (pełecʻaycʻ) | պեղեսցիս (pełescʻis) | պեղեսցի (pełescʻi) | պեղեսցուք (pełescʻukʻ) | պեղեսջիք (pełesǰikʻ) | պեղեսցին (pełescʻin) | |
| imperatives | — | (դու) | — | — | (դուք) | — | |
| imperative | — | պեղեա՛ց (pełeácʻ) | — | — | պեղեցարո՛ւք (pełecʻarúkʻ) | — | |
| cohortative | — | պեղեսջի՛ր (pełesǰír) | — | — | պեղեսջի՛ք (pełesǰíkʻ) | — | |
| prohibitive | — | մի՛ պեղիր (mí pełir) | — | — | մի՛ պեղիք (mí pełikʻ) | — | |
| *post-classical | |||||||
Derived terms[edit]
- պեղումն (pełumn)
Descendants[edit]
- → Armenian: պեղել (peġel) (learned)
References[edit]
- ^ Petersson, Herbert (1916) “Beiträge zur armenischen Wortkunde”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (in German), volume 47, number 3/4, pages 264–265
- ^ Petersson, Herbert (1920) Arische und armenische Studien (Lunds Universitets Årsskrift N.F. Avd. 1, Bd. 16. Nr. 3) (in German), Lund, Leipzig, page 29
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “պեղել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 72ab
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 96
- ^ Karst, Josef (1911) “Zur ethnischen Stellung der Armenier”, in Nersēs Akinean, editor, Huschardzan: Festschrift aus Anlass des 100-jahrigen Bestandes der Mechitaristen-Kongregation in Wien (1811–1911), und des 25. Jahrganges der philosophischen Monatsschrift Handes amsorya (1887–1911) (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 422,
- ^ Bănățeanu, Vlad (1962) “Problema lexicului urartic din limba armeană [The problem of Urartian lexicon in the Armenian language]”, in Studii și cercetări lingvistice (in Romanian), volume 13, number 1, page 264 of 257–279
- ^ Džaukjan, G. B. (1963) Урартский и индоевропейские языки [The Urartian and the Indo-European languages][1] (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 101
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Greppin, John A. C. (1991) “Some effects of the Hurro-Urartian people and their languages upon the earliest Armenians”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society[2], volume 111, number 4, with additional notes by I. M. Diakonoff, pages 726b, 728b
- ^ Fournet, Arnaud (2013) “About the Vocalic System of Armenian Words of Substratic Origin”, in Archív Orientalni[3], volume 81, number 2, page 10 of 207–222
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2017) “Notes on Anatolian loanwords in Armenian”, in Pavel S. Avetisyan and Yervand H. Grekyan, editors, Bridging Times and Spaces: Papers in Ancient Near Eastern, Mediterranean and Armenian Studies Honouring Gregory E. Areshian on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday[4], Oxford: Archaeopress, page 296 of 293–306
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate[5], PhD dissertation, Leiden University, pages 13-14
- ^ Greppin, John A. C. (1991) “Some effects of the Hurro-Urartian people and their languages upon the earliest Armenians”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society[6], volume 111, number 4, with additional notes by I. M. Diakonoff, page 726
Further reading[edit]
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “պեղել”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 634b
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “պեղեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
Categories:
- Old Armenian terms with unknown etymologies
- Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Armenian terms borrowed from Urartian
- Old Armenian terms derived from Urartian
- Old Armenian lemmas
- Old Armenian verbs
- Old Armenian terms with usage examples