まるぶ
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Japanese[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 転ぶ |
Etymology[edit]
Attested from the Muromachi period in the 風姿花伝 (Fūshikaden), a seven-volume treatise on Noh completed around 1402.[1]
Appears to be a variation from, or parallel form of, 転ぶ (marobu).
The Hachijō dialects are regarded as having evolved from the ancient eastern dialects exhibited in the Man'yōshū of c. 759 CE, indicating that this term is likely substantially older than the 1400s; possibly cognate with Okinawan まーすん (māsun).[2]
Verb[edit]
まるぶ • (marubu) intransitive †yodan
- (Classical Japanese) to roll or roll over; to fall over, to fall down, to capsize, to turn upside-down
- (Hachijō) to die
Usage notes[edit]
This verb is attested in standard Japanese only through the classical period, with the 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Conjugation[edit]
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | まるば | maruba | |
| Continuative (連用形) | まるび | marubi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | まるぶ | marubu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | まるぶ | marubu | |
| Realis (已然形) | まるべ | marube | |
| Imperative (命令形) | まるべ | marube | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | まるばず | marubazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | まるべど | marubedo | |
| Causal conjunction | まるべば | marubeba | |
| Conditional conjunction | まるばば | marubaba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | まるびき | marubiki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | まるびけり | marubikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | まるびつ | marubitu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | まるびぬ | marubinu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | まるべり まるびたり |
maruberi marubitari | |
| Volitional | まるばむ | marubamu | |