凋落

Chinese

		withered	to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind
trad. (凋落)		凋	落
simp. #(凋落)		凋	落
alternative forms		雕落

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): diāoluò

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄠ ㄌㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): diu¹ lok⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiau-lo̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: diāoluò
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄠ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: diaoluò
    • Wade–Giles: tiao¹-lo⁴
    • Yale: dyāu-lwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diauluoh
    • Palladius: дяоло (djaolo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: diu¹ lok⁶
    • Yale: dīu lohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: diu¹ lok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: diu¹ log⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːu̯⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiau-lo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tiau-lo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaulok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiau⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau³³ lɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/

Verb

凋落

1. to wither and fall

Synonyms

• 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè)
• 凋零 (diāolíng)
• 敗謝／败谢 (bàixiè)
• 脫落／脱落 (tuōluò)
• 零落 (língluò)
• 露渣

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
凋	落
ちょう Hyōgaiji	らく Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

凋(ちょう)落(らく) • (chōraku) 

1. withering (of flower)
2. fall, decline, degeneration
3. death from debility

Synonyms

• (decline): 没落(ぼつらく) (botsuraku), 衰退(すいたい) (suitai)
• (death from debility): 衰亡(すいぼう) (suibō)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “decline”): 繁栄(はんえい) (han'ei), 繁盛(はんじょう) (hanjō), 隆盛(りゅうせい) (ryūsei) : rise
• (antonym(s) of “death from debility”): 発生(はっせい) (hassei) : birth, rise

Verb

凋(ちょう)落(らく)する • (chōraku suru) suru (stem 凋(ちょう)落(らく)し (chōraku shi), past 凋(ちょう)落(らく)した (chōraku shita))

1. to wither
2. to fall, to decline, to degenerate
3. to die of debility

Conjugation

Conjugation of "凋落する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	凋落し	ちょうらくし	chōraku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	凋落し	ちょうらくし	chōraku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	凋落する	ちょうらくする	chōraku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	凋落する	ちょうらくする	chōraku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	凋落すれ	ちょうらくすれ	chōraku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	凋落せよ¹ 凋落しろ²	ちょうらくせよ¹ ちょうらくしろ²	chōraku seyo¹ chōraku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	凋落される	ちょうらくされる	chōraku sareru
Causative	凋落させる 凋落さす	ちょうらくさせる ちょうらくさす	chōraku saseru chōraku sasu
Potential	凋落できる	ちょうらくできる	chōraku dekiru
Volitional	凋落しよう	ちょうらくしよう	chōraku shiyō
Negative	凋落しない	ちょうらくしない	chōraku shinai
Negative continuative	凋落せず	ちょうらくせず	chōraku sezu
Formal	凋落します	ちょうらくします	chōraku shimasu
Perfective	凋落した	ちょうらくした	chōraku shita
Conjunctive	凋落して	ちょうらくして	chōraku shite
Hypothetical conditional	凋落すれば	ちょうらくすれば	chōraku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative