-осам

Bulgarian

Etymology

Verbal suffix from the s-aorist ending Ancient Greek -ωσα (-ōsa), rendered as factitive a-conjugation + -ам (-am) (from Proto-Slavic *-ati). Typically encountered in Greek borrowings, but original formations from native terms or from loaned Turkish, Persian, or Arabic borrowings also exist.

Suffix

-осам • (-osam) pf

1. Transliteration of Greek borrowings:

   ζαχάρωσα (zachárosa, “to had sugacoated”) → захаро́сам (zaharósam, “to sugarcoat”)

   σκόπωσα (skóposa, “to had framed”) (dialectal, obsolete) → скопо́сам (skopósam, “to arrange, to assembly”)

   τύπωσα (týposa, “to had printed”) → типо́сам (tipósam, “to print”)

   χάλωσα (chálosa, “to had spoiled”) → хало́сам (halósam, “to bang, to hit”)

2. Forms iterative or causative verbs with telic functional meaning from nouns:

   From native terms:

   вар (var, “lime”) → варо́сам (varósam, “to lime, to whitewash”)

   прах (prah, “powder, dust”) → прахо́сам (prahósam, “to waste away”)

   кръст (krǎst, “cross”) → кръсто́сам (krǎstósam, “to intercross”)

   яд (jad, “resentment, rage”) → ядо́сам (jadósam, “to annoy”)

   пръжда́ (prǎždá, “insult, slander, curse”) (dialectal) → пръждо́сам (prǎždósam, “to banish, to curse away”)

   пля́чка (pljáčka, “loot, booty”) → плячко́сам (pljačkósam, “to loot”)

   From Turkish, Arabic borrowings (via Ottoman Turkish):

   дамга́ (damgá, “scar, branding”) → дамго́сам (damgósam, “to brand, to stamp”)

   сефте́ (sefté, “first time”) (colloquial) → сефто́сам (seftósam, “to do for a first time”)

   шама́р (šamár, “slap”) → шамаро́сам (šamarósam, “to slap”)

   From Persian, Prakrit borrowings (via Ottoman Turkish or Romani):

   ба́лама (bálama, “foul”) (slang) → баламо́сам (balamósam, “to make foul of someone, to deceive”)

   парче́ (parčé, “piece”) → парчето́сам (parčetósam, “to tear into pieces”)

   чифт (čift, “pair”) → чифто́сам (čiftósam, “to pair, to mate”)

Derived terms

• -осане (-osane) (verbal noun)
• -осан (-osan) (past participle)
• -осен (-osen) (relative adjective)

Related terms

• -освам impf (-osvam)
• -асам pf (-asam), -асвам impf (-asvam)
• -исам pf (-isam), -исвам impf (-isvam)
• -ьосам pf (-josam), -ьосвам impf (-josvam)
• -ясам pf (-jasam), -ясвам impf (-jasvam)