-आ
Hindi[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From a merger of two sources, but in both cases from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-akas, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos:
- Inherited from Old Hindi -आ (-ā), a contraction or dialectal variant of -औ (-au), from Sauraseni Apabhramsa -औ (-au), from -𑀅𑀕 (-aga), -𑀅𑀬 (-aya) (nominative Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀕𑁄 (-ago), -𑀅𑀬𑁄 (-ayo), seen in words like 𑀔𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀬 (khullaya) and 𑀔𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀕 (khuḍḍaga)), from Ashokan Prakrit -𑀅𑀓 (-aka) (nominative -𑀅𑀓𑁄 (-ako), seen in words like 𑀔𑀼𑀤𑀓 (khudaka)), from Sanskrit -अक (-aka) (nominative -अको (-ako), -अकः (-akaḥ)), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *-akas.[1] Doublet of -अक (-ak).
- Borrowed from Classical Persian ـه (-â), from Middle Persian -k' (-ag), from Proto-Iranian *-akah.
Suffix[edit]
-आ • (-ā) m
- suffix found in many masculine nouns of both Indo-Aryan and Perso-Arabic origin
- forms some nouns with agentive meaning from verbs or nouns
- forms some nouns with possessive meaning
- बहु- (bahu-, “multi-”) + मंज़िल (manzil, “storey”) + -आ (-ā) → बहुमंज़िला (bahumanzilā, “multi-storey”) (lit. "having many storeys")
- forms adjectives from nouns, showing a property
Declension[edit]
As a noun:
An an adjective:
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Inherited from Old Hindi -आ (-ā), -या (-yā), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀤𑀕 (-idaga), -𑀇𑀅𑀬 (-iaya), -𑀇𑀬𑀬 (-iyaya), from Ashokan Prakrit -𑀇𑀢 (-ita) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit -इत (-ita), the variant of -त (-ta) for seṭ roots commonly found in Later Sanskrit, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.[2] Doublet of -इत (-it) and -त (-ta). Cognate with Punjabi -ਈਆ (-īā) and distantly English -ed.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -या (-yā) (after vowels)
Suffix[edit]
-आ • (-ā)
- Marks the perfective participle
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -आ (-ā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-aH, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂.[3] Distantly cognate with Latin -a.
Suffix[edit]
-आ • (-ā) f
- forms the feminine form of the nouns
- forms feminine form of the adjectives
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Borrowed from Classical Persian ـه (-â), from Arabic ـَة (-a).
Suffix[edit]
-आ • (-ā) f
- forms the feminine form of some Perso-Arabic agent nouns
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 187
- ^ Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 423
- ^ McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “-आ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 77
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms inherited from Old Hindi
- Hindi terms derived from Old Hindi
- Hindi terms inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms derived from Sauraseni Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Ashokan Prakrit
- Hindi terms derived from Ashokan Prakrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Hindi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Hindi terms derived from Middle Persian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi suffixes
- Hindi masculine suffixes
- Hindi masculine independent ā-stem nouns
- Hindi independent ā-stem adjectives
- Hindi terms extended with Indo-Aryan -𑀓-
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi feminine suffixes
- Hindi feminine ā-stem nouns
- Hindi terms derived from Arabic