-den

See also: Appendix:Variations of "den"

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدن (-den), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدن (-den), from Proto-Turkic *-den.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdæn/

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I / O / U	E / İ / Ö / Ü
default	-dan	-den
assimilated	-tan	-ten

-den

1. Used to form ablative of nouns.

   ‎köy (“village”) + ‎-den → ‎köyden (“from the village”)

2. of, from (indicating cause)

   ‎kanser (“cancer”) + ‎-den → ‎kanserden (“of cancer”)

   Kanserden öldü. ― They died of cancer.

3. through, out of

   Kitabını pencereden attı. ― They chucked their book out of the window.

4. without (with verbs, after -me)

   Synonym: -siz (with nouns)

   kâğıt harcamadan işini yapsana? ― could you do your job without wasting paper?

5. than

   taş tüyden ağırdır. ― a rock is heavier than a feather. (more natural-sounding)

   taş tüyden daha ağırdır. ― a rock is heavier than a feather. (less natural-sounding)

   o kadın o adamdan burada daha uzun çalıştı. ― that woman has worked here for longer than that man. (more natural-sounding)

   o kadın o adamdan uzun burada çalıştı. ― that woman has worked here for longer than that man. (less natural-sounding)

Usage notes

• It must be used with an apostrophe while forming a proper noun.

  Türkiye - Türkiye'den

• (sense 5): Modifiers such as daha ("more") are optional in this sense to express comparativity. Despite both being grammatically correct, daha is more commonly used in longer sentences and not as much in copulative sentences. When daha is omitted, one should generally try to avoid putting another word between the adjective and whichever word has taken the ablative.