-esso

See also: esso

Latin

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Identical in form to the archaic future perfects in -āssō, -āssere, etc., attested contemporary with Ennius, viz. amāssis, levāssō, impetrāssere, and iūdicāssit, respectively of amō, levō, impetrō, and iūdicō. Origin cited as not fully explained. Perhaps connected with a kind of prolepsis invoking a counterfactual use of aspect for emphasis.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.soː/, [ˈɛs̠ːoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.so/, [ˈɛsːo]

Suffix

-essō (present infinitive -essere, perfect active -essīvī or -essiī or -essī, supine -essītum); third conjugation

1. Forms a small number of intensive verbs from verbs.

   petessō (“I strive eagerly”), from the verb petō (“I aim, seek”).

   facessō (“I do eagerly; I depart”), from the verb I do, make

Conjugation

Conjugation of -essō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-essō	-essis	-essit	-essimus	-essitis	-essunt
	imperfect	-essēbam	-essēbās	-essēbat	-essēbāmus	-essēbātis	-essēbant
	future	-essam	-essēs	-esset	-essēmus	-essētis	-essent
	perfect	-essīvī, -essiī, -essī	-essīvistī, -essiistī, -essistī	-essīvit, -essiit, -essit	-essīvimus, -essiimus, -essimus	-essīvistis, -essiistis, -essistis	-essīvērunt, -essīvēre, -essiērunt, -essiēre, -essērunt, -essēre
	pluperfect	-essīveram, -essieram, -esseram	-essīverās, -essierās, -esserās	-essīverat, -essierat, -esserat	-essīverāmus, -essierāmus, -esserāmus	-essīverātis, -essierātis, -esserātis	-essīverant, -essierant, -esserant
	future perfect	-essīverō, -essierō, -esserō	-essīveris, -essieris, -esseris	-essīverit, -essierit, -esserit	-essīverimus, -essierimus, -esserimus	-essīveritis, -essieritis, -esseritis	-essīverint, -essierint, -esserint
	sigmatic future1	-ō	-is	-it	-imus	-itis	-int
passive	present	-essor	-esseris, -essere	-essitur	-essimur	-essiminī	-essuntur
	imperfect	-essēbar	-essēbāris, -essēbāre	-essēbātur	-essēbāmur	-essēbāminī	-essēbantur
	future	-essar	-essēris, -essēre	-essētur	-essēmur	-essēminī	-essentur
	perfect	-essītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-essītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-essītus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future1	-or	-eris	-itur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-essam	-essās	-essat	-essāmus	-essātis	-essant
	imperfect	-esserem	-esserēs	-esseret	-esserēmus	-esserētis	-esserent
	perfect	-essīverim, -essierim, -esserim	-essīverīs, -essierīs, -esserīs	-essīverit, -essierit, -esserit	-essīverīmus, -essierīmus, -esserīmus	-essīverītis, -essierītis, -esserītis	-essīverint, -essierint, -esserint
	pluperfect	-essīvissem, -essiissem, -essissem	-essīvissēs, -essiissēs, -essissēs	-essīvisset, -essiisset, -essisset	-essīvissēmus, -essiissēmus, -essissēmus	-essīvissētis, -essiissētis, -essissētis	-essīvissent, -essiissent, -essissent
	sigmatic aorist1	-im	-īs	-īt	-īmus	-ītis	-int
passive	present	-essar	-essāris, -essāre	-essātur	-essāmur	-essāminī	-essantur
	imperfect	-esserer	-esserēris, -esserēre	-esserētur	-esserēmur	-esserēminī	-esserentur
	perfect	-essītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-essītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	-esse	—	—	-essite	—
	future	—	-essitō	-essitō	—	-essitōte	-essuntō
passive	present	—	-essere	—	—	-essiminī	—
	future	—	-essitor	-essitor	—	—	-essuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		-essere	-essīvisse, -essiisse, -essisse	-essītūrum esse	-essī	-essītum esse	-essītum īrī
participles		-essēns	—	-essītūrus	—	-essītus	-essendus, -essundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		-essendī	-essendō	-essendum	-essendō	-essītum	-essītū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -esso