Reconstruction:Latin/stuno

This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *stunōn (“to rumble, thunder, bang”), from Proto-Germanic *stunōną. Alternatively from or a merger with *extonō, from ex- +‎ tonō (“thunder, speak thunderously”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˈtono/

Verb

*stunō (present infinitive *stunāre, perfect active *stunāvī, supine *stunātum); first conjugation (Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)

1. shock, surprise
2. stun, daze
3. jar, clash

Descendants

• Old French: estoner, estuner, estouner
  • Bourbonnais: etouna
  • Middle French: estonner, étonner
    • French: étonner
  • Norman: êtonner (Jersiais)
  • Picard: ètonneu (Athois)
  • Walloon: èstèner (Liégeois)
  • → Middle English: astonen, astonyen, astonien
    • Early English: astony, astone, aston, astun (archaic)
      • ⇒ English: astonish
• Italian: stonare
• Old Occitan: estonar
  • Catalan: estonar
  • Occitan: estonar