Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dungijǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈduŋ.ɡi.jɔ̃ː/

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps from *dungō (“earth, dung”) +‎ *-jǭ. Kroonen, however, derives this via an intermediary verb *dungijaną (“to fertilise”). See Proto-West Germanic *dungijan.

Noun

*dungijǭ f

2. earthen mound
3. dunghill

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *dungijǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dungijǭ	*dungijōniz
vocative	*dungijǭ	*dungijōniz
accusative	*dungijōnų	*dungijōnunz
genitive	*dungijōniz	*dungijōnǫ̂
dative	*dungijōni	*dungijōmaz
instrumental	*dungijōnē	*dungijōmiz

Related terms

• *dankō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dungijā
  • Old English: dynċġe, dinċġe, denġe
    • → Latin: dingia (Anglo-Latin)
  • Old Dutch: *dunga
    • Middle Dutch: *donge, *donke
      • Dutch: donk (archaic)
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: santdonc
    • ⇒ Old Dutch: Dungus
    • ⇒ Old Dutch: Medmedug
  • →? Vulgar Latin: *dominiōnem m (“donjon”) (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: dyngja
  • Icelandic: dyngja
  • Faroese: dyngja (“heap, pile, multitude, crowd”)
  • Norn: dongja (“heap, pile”)
  • Norwegian Bokmål: dynge
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: dyngje (“heap, pile”)
  • Old Swedish: dyngia
    • Swedish: dynga
  • Danish: dynge
  • Gutnish: dyngge, dynggå
  • ⇒ Old Norse: *mykidyngja (“dung heap”)
    • Old Danish: møghdyngh, møgdinge, møgding
      • Danish: mødding
        • → Swedish: mödding
        • → Norwegian Bokmål: mødding
      • → Middle English: midding, miding
        • English: midding, midden
        • Scots: midin
• → Proto-Finnic: *tunkijo (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

Possibly from *dungz (“vault, cave, cellar”) +‎ *-jǭ.

Noun

*dungijǭ f

2. apartment, bower

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *dungijǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dungijǭ	*dungijōniz
vocative	*dungijǭ	*dungijōniz
accusative	*dungijōnų	*dungijōnunz
genitive	*dungijōniz	*dungijōnǫ̂
dative	*dungijōni	*dungijōmaz
instrumental	*dungijōnē	*dungijōmiz

Descendants

• Old Norse: dyngja (“bower”)