Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jartáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Ta-participle *járati (“to vex, torment, to be angry, upset”).

Adjective

*jartáh

1. tormented, pained
2. angry, incensed

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (zar^əta)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫀𐫅 (zrʾd /⁠zard⁠/)

    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠zard⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫅 (zrd), 𐫉𐫡𐫀𐫅 (zrʾd)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠dard⁠/, “pain, illness”) (nominalization)

    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫅 (drd)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlt')

    • Persian: درد (dard), دردی (dordi)
      • → Azerbaijani: dərd
      • → Bengali: দরদ (dorod)
      • → Gujarati: દર્દ (dard)
      • → Hindustani:

        Urdu: درد (dard)

        Hindi: दर्द (dard)

      • → Kazakh: дерт (dert)
      • → Northern Kurdish: derd
      • → Middle Armenian: դարդ (dard), տարտ (tart), դերդ (derd), տէրտ (tērt)
        • → Armenian: դարդ (dard)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: درد (dert)
        • Turkish: dert
        • Albanian: dert
        • Greek: ντέρτι (ntérti)
      • → Punjabi:

        Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਦ (darad)

        Shahmukhi script: دَرَد (darad)

      • → Zazaki: derd
      • → Uyghur: دەرد (derd)
      • → Uzbek: dard