Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dervo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*dȇrvo

Etymology

PIE word
*dóru

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dérwa, from Proto-Indo-European *derw-o-m.

Noun

*dȇrvo n

1. tree (as plant)
2. wood, twig, trunk (as material)

   Synonyms: *xvojь, *xujь

Alternative forms

• *drъvo (0-grade ablaut)

Declension

Declension of *dȇrvo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvě	*dervà
genitive	*dȇrva	*dervù	*dẽrvъ
dative	*dȇrvu	*dervomà	*dervòmъ
accusative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvě	*dervà
instrumental	*dȇrvъmь, *dȇrvomь*	*dervomà	*dervý
locative	*dȇrvě	*dervù	*dervě̃xъ
vocative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvě	*dervà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *dȇrvo (s-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvesi	*dervesà
genitive	*dȇrvese	*dervesù	*dervèsъ
dative	*dȇrvesi	*dervesьmà	*dervèsьmъ
accusative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvesi	*dervesà
instrumental	*dȇrvesьmь	*dervesьmà	*dervesý
locative	*dȇrvese	*dervesù	*dervèsьxъ
vocative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvesi	*dervesà

While s-stem endings are well-attested in Old Church Slavonic, Derksen and Halla-aho both reconstruct *dervo as an o-stem.

Derived terms

• as prefix *dervo-:
  • *dervodělьje (“woodwork”)
    • *dervoděľa, *dervodělьcь (“woodworker”)
  • *dervorězьba (“woodcarving”)
    • *dervorězьcь, *dervorězьbařь (“woodcrafter”)
  • *dervosěkъ (“lumberjack”)
• *dervьce, *dervьčę (diminutive)
• *dervišče (“strong, thick tree”)
• *dervakъ (“wooden pot, vessel”)
• *dervějь (“yarrow”) (East Slavic)
• *dervьnъ, *dervěnъ (“wooden”)
  • *dervina (“thicket”)
  • *dervьnikъ (“trunk”)
  • *dervěnica (“maddock, bug”) (South Slavic)
• *dervesьnъ (“treey, arboreal”)
  • *dervesina (“wood (material)”)

Related terms

• *drъmъ, *drъmъka (“shrub, bush”)
  • *drъmъbъzъ
• *drьkъ (“stem”)
  • *drьkolь (“stick, club”)
• *drynъ (“wooden stake, club”)
• *sъdorvъ (“healthy, strong, vivid”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: дерево (derevo)
    • Belarusian: дзе́рава (dzjérava)
    • Russian: де́рево (dérevo)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: де́рево (dérevo)
    • Ukrainian: де́рево (dérevo)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: дрѣво (drěvo)

    Glagolitic: ⰴⱃⱑⰲⱁ (drěvo)

    • → Russian: дре́во (drévo) (obsolete, literary)
    • → Belarusian: дрэ́ва (dréva)
  • Bulgarian: дря́во (drjávo), дре́во (drévo) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: древо (drevo) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: дре̑во, дрије̑во, дри̑во
    • Latin script: drȇvo, drijȇvo, drȋvo
  • Slovene: drevọ̑ (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: dřěvo
    • Czech: dřevo
  • Old Polish: drzewo
    • Masurian: drżewo
    • Polish: drzewo
    • Silesian: drzewo
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: drzewò
    • Slovincian: drzêwô
  • Old Slovak: drevo
    • Slovak: drevo
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: drjewo
    • Lower Sorbian: drjewo

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дерево”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*dervo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 211
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дряво”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 439
• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki