Template:enm-conj-irr

Conjugation of enm-conj-irr (preterite-present)

infinitive	(to) {{{head}}}, {{{3}}}e
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	{{{1}}}	{{{2}}}e
2nd-person singular	{{{4}}}	{{{2}}}est
3rd-person singular	{{{1}}}	{{{2}}}e
subjunctive singular	{{{3}}}e
imperative singular		—
plural1	{{{3}}}en, {{{3}}}e	{{{2}}}en, {{{2}}}e
imperative plural	{{{3}}}eth, {{{3}}}e	—
participles	{{{3}}}ynge, {{{3}}}ende	{{{3}}}en, {{{3}}}e, y{{{3}}}en, y{{{3}}}e

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

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The following documentation is located at Template:enm-conj-irr/documentation. ^[edit]

Useful links: subpage list • links • redirects • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox

This template automatically generates a conjugation table for Middle English preterite-present and irregular ("anomalous") verbs; it replaces {{enm-conj}} and offers several advancements over it. There are three Middle English conjugation templates, all based on Module:enm-conj; the choice of template depends on the type of verb:

• {{enm-conj-wk}}: the template for weak verbs, which can be identified by their past in -d- or -t-. Most Middle English verbs are weak.
• {{enm-conj-st}}: the template for strong verbs, which form their past by modifying the stem vowel.
• {{enm-conj-irr}}: the template for a few verbs which are particularly irregular, including the so-called preterite-present verbs.

Details about the use of each template can be found on their documentation pages, though their operation is broadly similar.

Basic parameters

These parameters control the basic operation of the template. They differ depending on whether the verb is a preterite-present verb or an anomalous verb.

Preterite-present verbs

As preterite-present verbs are so irregular, recourse to the form replacement options below will be frequently needed.

• |1= (required) The present stem (with any endings removed). If |3= is not specified, also forms the nonfinite forms and the plural. If alternative stems exist, add them using |1a=, |1a2=, etc.
• |2= (required) The past stem (with any endings removed). If alternative stems exist, add them using |2a=, |2a2=, etc.
• |3= (optional) The nonfinite/plural stem (with any endings removed). If alternative stems exist, add them using |3a=, |3a2=, etc.
• |4= (optional) The second-person singular form (with any endings included);
• |obl= (optional) Specifies alternate oblique stems; multiple can be added using |obl2=, |obl3=, etc.
• |i= (optional) If set to 0, marks non-finite and imperative forms as nonexistent.

Anomalous verbs

The forms of anomalous verbs are hardcoded, so they don't need to be manually entered. This means that form replacement parameters should usually be avoided with anomalous verbs.

• |type= or |t= (required) The anomalous verb to be conjugated. If not specified, the verb is treated as preterite-present.
  • |type=been The verb been (“to be”) or a derivative.
  • |type=gon The verb gon (“to go”) or a derivative.
  • |type=don The verb don (“to do”) or a derivative.
  • |type=willen The verb willen, wollen (“to want”), or a derivative.
• |pf= (optional) Prefixes the value entered to the verb; for use with prefixed anomalous verbs; for example, the conjugation of fordon can be specified with {{enm-conj-irr|pf=for|type=don}}. Overrides |y=, as prefixed verbs don't have y- added to them.

Both types

These apply to both preterite-present and anomalous verbs.

• |y= (optional) Controls the presence of past participial variants prefixed with y-. This operates after all other parameters, so any custom past participles will automatically have variants with y- generated.
  • |y=0 No past participles have y- added to them.
  • |y=1 (default) The first two past participles specified receive a variant with y-; any additional ones do not.
  • |y=2 All specified past participles receive variant with y-. If there is only one past participle, this behaves identically to |y=1.
  • |y=p1 The first past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If only one past participle is specified, this behaves identically to |y=1.
  • |y=p2 The second past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If only one past participle is specified, an error is returned.
  • |y=p3 The third past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If less than three past participles are specified, an error is returned.
• |nocat= (optional) Suppresses automatic categorisation.
• |nopast= (optional) If set to anything other than 0, no, n, or false, marks present forms as nonexistent.

If an unlisted option is entered for |y= it is treated as if the default option was entered.

Weak forms

In Middle English, some preterite-present verbs tend to become weak; these parameters can be used to add suffixes for such verbs.

• |w_class= or |w= Controls the suffix used to form weak past forms. Multiple classes can be set using |w_class2=, |w_class3=, etc.
  • |w_class=ed Past forms are formed with -ed; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.
  • |w_class=te Weak past forms are formed with -te; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.
  • |w_class=de Past forms are formed with -de; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.
  • |w_class=sl Past forms are formed without a suffix; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.
  • |w_class=irr Past forms are formed unpredictably; automatically supplies the appropriate title. If enabled, |w_irr= is required due to the forms' unpredictability.
• |w_irr= (usually optional; see above) Used to set unpredictable past forms; the exact function of this parameter depends on whether |w_class=irr is set.
  • If |w_class= (or |w_class2=, etc.) is irr, this is the combined stem and suffix used to form the past, without any endings.
  • Otherwise, this is the stem used to form the past, without any suffixes or endings.
• |s= (optional) If multiple weak classes are set, one of which is irr, |w_irr= will only control the forms for irr. Any other unpredictable forms can be set with this parameter, which takes the stem (like |2=).
• |w_stem= (optional) If multiple weak past forms are set (using |w_class=), |w_stem=, |w_stem2=, etc. can be used to set a different stem for each one.
• |w_part= (optional) Adds a weak past participle to the verb, based on |2= (and |2a= etc.)

Form replacement

Special parameters exist for specifying custom verb forms to replace the automatically generated forms. To add variants for a custom-generated form, affix 2 after the second, a 3 after the third and so on (e.g. |inf=, |inf2=, |inf3= and so on for the infinitive). Variants can be added while retaining some (or all) of the automatically-generated forms; this is done by making "gaps" in the enumeration of alternative forms (for example, to add a custom infinitive variant, but retain all the default forms, enter it as |inf3=, as two infinitive forms are specified by default).

The following form replacement parameters are accepted:

• |inf=: infinitive
• |1s=: first-person singular present indicative
• |2s=: second-person singular present indicative
• |3s=: third-person singular present indicative
• |p=: plural present indicative/subjunctive
• |sub=: singular present subjunctive/imperative
• |imp_p=: plural imperative
• |part=: present participle
• |p_1s=: first/third-person singular past indicative
• |p_2s=: second-person singular past indicative
• |p_sub=: singular past subjunctive
• |p_p=: plural past (indicative and subjunctive)
• |p_part=: past participle

The form replacement parameters accept the following special characters:

• 0 Marks the variant slot as blank. Useful if a form has multiple automatically-generated variants, but only one variant actually exists for that verb. For example, if a verb only has one infinitive variant, |inf2=0 can be used to suppress the second automatically-generated infinitive.
• — Marks the form as nonexistent for that verb. If this is used, no other variants should be entered. For example, |inf=— can be used to indicate that a verb has no infinitive.

Using this template

Minor variants

Solely orthographic variants (including those which display the loss of final schwa), such as third-person singular presents with -þ instead of -th or present participles with -yng instead of -ynge, should not be added when using this template. Instead, they should be listed as alternative forms on the appropriate verb form's page.