cultiver
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French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cultiver
- to cultivate
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of cultiver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | cultiver | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | cultivant /kyl.ti.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | cultivé /kyl.ti.ve/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cultive /kyl.tiv/ |
cultives /kyl.tiv/ |
cultive /kyl.tiv/ |
cultivons /kyl.ti.vɔ̃/ |
cultivez /kyl.ti.ve/ |
cultivent /kyl.tiv/ |
| imperfect | cultivais /kyl.ti.vɛ/ |
cultivais /kyl.ti.vɛ/ |
cultivait /kyl.ti.vɛ/ |
cultivions /kyl.ti.vjɔ̃/ |
cultiviez /kyl.ti.vje/ |
cultivaient /kyl.ti.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cultivai /kyl.ti.ve/ |
cultivas /kyl.ti.va/ |
cultiva /kyl.ti.va/ |
cultivâmes /kyl.ti.vam/ |
cultivâtes /kyl.ti.vat/ |
cultivèrent /kyl.ti.vɛʁ/ | |
| future | cultiverai /kyl.ti.vʁe/ |
cultiveras /kyl.ti.vʁa/ |
cultivera /kyl.ti.vʁa/ |
cultiverons /kyl.ti.vʁɔ̃/ |
cultiverez /kyl.ti.vʁe/ |
cultiveront /kyl.ti.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cultiverais /kyl.ti.vʁɛ/ |
cultiverais /kyl.ti.vʁɛ/ |
cultiverait /kyl.ti.vʁɛ/ |
cultiverions /kyl.ti.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cultiveriez /kyl.ti.və.ʁje/ |
cultiveraient /kyl.ti.vʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cultive /kyl.tiv/ |
cultives /kyl.tiv/ |
cultive /kyl.tiv/ |
cultivions /kyl.ti.vjɔ̃/ |
cultiviez /kyl.ti.vje/ |
cultivent /kyl.tiv/ |
| imperfect2 | cultivasse /kyl.ti.vas/ |
cultivasses /kyl.ti.vas/ |
cultivât /kyl.ti.va/ |
cultivassions /kyl.ti.va.sjɔ̃/ |
cultivassiez /kyl.ti.va.sje/ |
cultivassent /kyl.ti.vas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cultive /kyl.tiv/ |
— | cultivons /kyl.ti.vɔ̃/ |
cultivez /kyl.ti.ve/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “cultiver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
[edit]Verb
[edit]cultiver
- (of a plant) to cultivate
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-v, *-vs, *-vt are modified to f, s, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of cultiver (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cultiver | avoir cultivé | |||||
| gerund | en cultivant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | cultivant | ||||||
| past participle | cultivé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cultif | cultives | cultive | cultivons | cultivez | cultivent |
| imperfect | cultivoie, cultiveie, cultivoe, cultiveve | cultivoies, cultiveies, cultivoes, cultiveves | cultivoit, cultiveit, cultivot, cultiveve | cultiviiens, cultiviens | cultiviiez, cultiviez | cultivoient, cultiveient, cultivoent, cultivevent | |
| preterite | cultivai | cultivas | cultiva | cultivames | cultivastes | cultiverent | |
| future | cultiverai | cultiveras | cultivera | cultiverons | cultiveroiz, cultivereiz, cultiverez | cultiveront | |
| conditional | cultiveroie, cultivereie | cultiveroies, cultivereies | cultiveroit, cultivereit | cultiveriiens, cultiveriens | cultiveriiez, cultiveriez | cultiveroient, cultivereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cultif | cultis | cultit | cultivons | cultivez | cultivent |
| imperfect | cultivasse | cultivasses | cultivast | cultivissons, cultivissiens | cultivissoiz, cultivissez, cultivissiez | cultivassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | cultive | — | cultivons | cultivez | — | ||