kꜣm

Egyptian

Etymology

From an earlier form kꜣnw before undergoing a sound change that caused the coalescence of the two final consonants into m.

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈkaʀnVw/ → /ˈkaːʀVm/ → /ˈkaːʔəm/ → /ˈkoːʔəm/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkaʀnVw/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkaːʀVm/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkaːʔəm/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkoːʔəm/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɑm/
  • Conventional anglicization: kam

Noun

 m

1. vineyard

Inflection

Declension of kꜣm (masculine)

singular	kꜣm
dual	kꜣmwj
plural	kꜣmw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of kꜣm  

kꜣm

Derived terms

• kꜣmw

Descendants

• Demotic: kꜣm
  • Coptic: ϭⲱⲙ (cōm)

Likely borrowed into Central Semitic:

• → Arabic: كَرْم (karm)
• → Aramaic: כַּרְמָא (karmā)
• → Hebrew: כֶּרֶם (kérem)
• → Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎗𐎎 (krm)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 106.3–106.9
• Peust, Carsten (1999) Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language‎^[2], Göttingen: Peust und Gutschmidt Verlag GbR, page 163