shukuma

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -shukuma.

Verb

shukuma

1. to move, to stir

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-shúkuma

1. (intransitive) to move, to stir

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• -shukumisa

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-shukuma^?

1. (intransitive) to move, to stir

Inflection

Tone unknown
Infinitive	ukushukuma
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukushukuma	ukungashukumi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	shukuma	-shukume
Plural	shukumani	-shukumeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyashukuma, ngishukuma	engishukumayo, engishukuma	ngishukuma	angishukumi	engingashukumi	ngingashukumi
2nd singular	uyashukuma, ushukuma	oshukumayo, oshukuma	ushukuma	awushukumi	ongashukumi	ungashukumi
1st plural	siyashukuma, sishukuma	esishukumayo, esishukuma	sishukuma	asishukumi	esingashukumi	singashukumi
2nd plural	niyashukuma, nishukuma	enishukumayo, enishukuma	nishukuma	anishukumi	eningashukumi	ningashukumi
Class 1	uyashukuma, ushukuma	oshukumayo, oshukuma	eshukuma	akashukumi	ongashukumi	engashukumi
Class 2	bayashukuma, bashukuma	abashukumayo, abashukuma	beshukuma	abashukumi	abangashukumi	bengashukumi
Class 3	uyashukuma, ushukuma	oshukumayo, oshukuma	ushukuma	awushukumi	ongashukumi	ungashukumi
Class 4	iyashukuma, ishukuma	eshukumayo, eshukuma	ishukuma	ayishukumi	engashukumi	ingashukumi
Class 5	liyashukuma, lishukuma	elishukumayo, elishukuma	lishukuma	alishukumi	elingashukumi	lingashukumi
Class 6	ayashukuma, ashukuma	ashukumayo, ashukuma	eshukuma	awashukumi	angashukumi	engashukumi
Class 7	siyashukuma, sishukuma	esishukumayo, esishukuma	sishukuma	asishukumi	esingashukumi	singashukumi
Class 8	ziyashukuma, zishukuma	ezishukumayo, ezishukuma	zishukuma	azishukumi	ezingashukumi	zingashukumi
Class 9	iyashukuma, ishukuma	eshukumayo, eshukuma	ishukuma	ayishukumi	engashukumi	ingashukumi
Class 10	ziyashukuma, zishukuma	ezishukumayo, ezishukuma	zishukuma	azishukumi	ezingashukumi	zingashukumi
Class 11	luyashukuma, lushukuma	olushukumayo, olushukuma	lushukuma	alushukumi	olungashukumi	lungashukumi
Class 14	buyashukuma, bushukuma	obushukumayo, obushukuma	bushukuma	abushukumi	obungashukumi	bungashukumi
Class 15	kuyashukuma, kushukuma	okushukumayo, okushukuma	kushukuma	akushukumi	okungashukumi	kungashukumi
Class 17	kuyashukuma, kushukuma	okushukumayo, okushukuma	kushukuma	akushukumi	okungashukumi	kungashukumi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngishukumile, ngishukumē	engishukumile, engishukumē	ngishukumile, ngishukumē	angishukumanga	engingashukumanga	ngingashukumanga
2nd singular	ushukumile, ushukumē	oshukumile, oshukumē	ushukumile, ushukumē	awushukumanga	ongashukumanga	ungashukumanga
1st plural	sishukumile, sishukumē	esishukumile, esishukumē	sishukumile, sishukumē	asishukumanga	esingashukumanga	singashukumanga
2nd plural	nishukumile, nishukumē	enishukumile, enishukumē	nishukumile, nishukumē	anishukumanga	eningashukumanga	ningashukumanga
Class 1	ushukumile, ushukumē	oshukumile, oshukumē	eshukumile, eshukumē	akashukumanga	ongashukumanga	engashukumanga
Class 2	bashukumile, bashukumē	abashukumile, abashukumē	beshukumile, beshukumē	abashukumanga	abangashukumanga	bengashukumanga
Class 3	ushukumile, ushukumē	oshukumile, oshukumē	ushukumile, ushukumē	awushukumanga	ongashukumanga	ungashukumanga
Class 4	ishukumile, ishukumē	eshukumile, eshukumē	ishukumile, ishukumē	ayishukumanga	engashukumanga	ingashukumanga
Class 5	lishukumile, lishukumē	elishukumile, elishukumē	lishukumile, lishukumē	alishukumanga	elingashukumanga	lingashukumanga
Class 6	ashukumile, ashukumē	ashukumile, ashukumē	eshukumile, eshukumē	awashukumanga	angashukumanga	engashukumanga
Class 7	sishukumile, sishukumē	esishukumile, esishukumē	sishukumile, sishukumē	asishukumanga	esingashukumanga	singashukumanga
Class 8	zishukumile, zishukumē	ezishukumile, ezishukumē	zishukumile, zishukumē	azishukumanga	ezingashukumanga	zingashukumanga
Class 9	ishukumile, ishukumē	eshukumile, eshukumē	ishukumile, ishukumē	ayishukumanga	engashukumanga	ingashukumanga
Class 10	zishukumile, zishukumē	ezishukumile, ezishukumē	zishukumile, zishukumē	azishukumanga	ezingashukumanga	zingashukumanga
Class 11	lushukumile, lushukumē	olushukumile, olushukumē	lushukumile, lushukumē	alushukumanga	olungashukumanga	lungashukumanga
Class 14	bushukumile, bushukumē	obushukumile, obushukumē	bushukumile, bushukumē	abushukumanga	obungashukumanga	bungashukumanga
Class 15	kushukumile, kushukumē	okushukumile, okushukumē	kushukumile, kushukumē	akushukumanga	okungashukumanga	kungashukumanga
Class 17	kushukumile, kushukumē	okushukumile, okushukumē	kushukumile, kushukumē	akushukumanga	okungashukumanga	kungashukumanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāshukuma	engāshukuma	ngāshukuma	angishukumanga	engingashukumanga	ngingashukumanga
2nd singular	wāshukuma	owāshukuma	wāshukuma	awushukumanga	ongashukumanga	ungashukumanga
1st plural	sāshukuma	esāshukuma	sāshukuma	asishukumanga	esingashukumanga	singashukumanga
2nd plural	nāshukuma	enāshukuma	nāshukuma	anishukumanga	eningashukumanga	ningashukumanga
Class 1	wāshukuma	owāshukuma	āshukuma	akashukumanga	ongashukumanga	engashukumanga
Class 2	bāshukuma	abāshukuma	bāshukuma	abashukumanga	abangashukumanga	bengashukumanga
Class 3	wāshukuma	owāshukuma	wāshukuma	awushukumanga	ongashukumanga	ungashukumanga
Class 4	yāshukuma	eyāshukuma	yāshukuma	ayishukumanga	engashukumanga	ingashukumanga
Class 5	lāshukuma	elāshukuma	lāshukuma	alishukumanga	elingashukumanga	lingashukumanga
Class 6	āshukuma	āshukuma	āshukuma	awashukumanga	angashukumanga	engashukumanga
Class 7	sāshukuma	esāshukuma	sāshukuma	asishukumanga	esingashukumanga	singashukumanga
Class 8	zāshukuma	ezāshukuma	zāshukuma	azishukumanga	ezingashukumanga	zingashukumanga
Class 9	yāshukuma	eyāshukuma	yāshukuma	ayishukumanga	engashukumanga	ingashukumanga
Class 10	zāshukuma	ezāshukuma	zāshukuma	azishukumanga	ezingashukumanga	zingashukumanga
Class 11	lwāshukuma	olwāshukuma	lwāshukuma	alushukumanga	olungashukumanga	lungashukumanga
Class 14	bāshukuma	obāshukuma	bāshukuma	abushukumanga	obungashukumanga	bungashukumanga
Class 15	kwāshukuma	okwāshukuma	kwāshukuma	akushukumanga	okungashukumanga	kungashukumanga
Class 17	kwāshukuma	okwāshukuma	kwāshukuma	akushukumanga	okungashukumanga	kungashukumanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingashukuma	—	ngingashukuma	ngingeshukume	—	ngingeshukume
2nd singular	ungashukuma	—	ungashukuma	ungeshukume	—	ungeshukume
1st plural	singashukuma	—	singashukuma	singeshukume	—	singeshukume
2nd plural	ningashukuma	—	ningashukuma	ningeshukume	—	ningeshukume
Class 1	angashukuma	—	engashukuma	angeshukume	—	engeshukume
Class 2	bangashukuma	—	bengashukuma	bangeshukume	—	bengeshukume
Class 3	ungashukuma	—	ungashukuma	ungeshukume	—	ungeshukume
Class 4	ingashukuma	—	ingashukuma	ingeshukume	—	ingeshukume
Class 5	lingashukuma	—	lingashukuma	lingeshukume	—	lingeshukume
Class 6	angashukuma	—	engashukuma	angeshukume	—	engeshukume
Class 7	singashukuma	—	singashukuma	singeshukume	—	singeshukume
Class 8	zingashukuma	—	zingashukuma	zingeshukume	—	zingeshukume
Class 9	ingashukuma	—	ingashukuma	ingeshukume	—	ingeshukume
Class 10	zingashukuma	—	zingashukuma	zingeshukume	—	zingeshukume
Class 11	lungashukuma	—	lungashukuma	lungeshukume	—	lungeshukume
Class 14	bungashukuma	—	bungashukuma	bungeshukume	—	bungeshukume
Class 15	kungashukuma	—	kungashukuma	kungeshukume	—	kungeshukume
Class 17	kungashukuma	—	kungashukuma	kungeshukume	—	kungeshukume
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoshukuma	engizoshukuma	ngizoshukuma	angizushukuma	engingezushukuma	ngingezushukuma
2nd singular	uzoshukuma	ozoshukuma	uzoshukuma	awuzushukuma	ongezushukuma	ungezushukuma
1st plural	sizoshukuma	esizoshukuma	sizoshukuma	asizushukuma	esingezushukuma	singezushukuma
2nd plural	nizoshukuma	enizoshukuma	nizoshukuma	anizushukuma	eningezushukuma	ningezushukuma
Class 1	uzoshukuma	ozoshukuma	ezoshukuma	akazushukuma	ongezushukuma	engezushukuma
Class 2	bazoshukuma	abazoshukuma	bezoshukuma	abazushukuma	abangezushukuma	bengezushukuma
Class 3	uzoshukuma	ozoshukuma	uzoshukuma	awuzushukuma	ongezushukuma	ungezushukuma
Class 4	izoshukuma	ezoshukuma	izoshukuma	ayizushukuma	engezushukuma	ingezushukuma
Class 5	lizoshukuma	elizoshukuma	lizoshukuma	alizushukuma	elingezushukuma	lingezushukuma
Class 6	azoshukuma	azoshukuma	ezoshukuma	awazushukuma	angezushukuma	engezushukuma
Class 7	sizoshukuma	esizoshukuma	sizoshukuma	asizushukuma	esingezushukuma	singezushukuma
Class 8	zizoshukuma	ezizoshukuma	zizoshukuma	azizushukuma	ezingezushukuma	zingezushukuma
Class 9	izoshukuma	ezoshukuma	izoshukuma	ayizushukuma	engezushukuma	ingezushukuma
Class 10	zizoshukuma	ezizoshukuma	zizoshukuma	azizushukuma	ezingezushukuma	zingezushukuma
Class 11	luzoshukuma	oluzoshukuma	luzoshukuma	aluzushukuma	olungezushukuma	lungezushukuma
Class 14	buzoshukuma	obuzoshukuma	buzoshukuma	abuzushukuma	obungezushukuma	bungezushukuma
Class 15	kuzoshukuma	okuzoshukuma	kuzoshukuma	akuzushukuma	okungezushukuma	kungezushukuma
Class 17	kuzoshukuma	okuzoshukuma	kuzoshukuma	akuzushukuma	okungezushukuma	kungezushukuma
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoshukuma	engiyoshukuma	ngiyoshukuma	angiyushukuma	engingeyushukuma	ngingeyushukuma
2nd singular	uyoshukuma	oyoshukuma	uyoshukuma	awuyushukuma	ongeyushukuma	ungeyushukuma
1st plural	siyoshukuma	esiyoshukuma	siyoshukuma	asiyushukuma	esingeyushukuma	singeyushukuma
2nd plural	niyoshukuma	eniyoshukuma	niyoshukuma	aniyushukuma	eningeyushukuma	ningeyushukuma
Class 1	uyoshukuma	oyoshukuma	eyoshukuma	akayushukuma	ongeyushukuma	engeyushukuma
Class 2	bayoshukuma	abayoshukuma	beyoshukuma	abayushukuma	abangeyushukuma	bengeyushukuma
Class 3	uyoshukuma	oyoshukuma	uyoshukuma	awuyushukuma	ongeyushukuma	ungeyushukuma
Class 4	iyoshukuma	eyoshukuma	iyoshukuma	ayiyushukuma	engeyushukuma	ingeyushukuma
Class 5	liyoshukuma	eliyoshukuma	liyoshukuma	aliyushukuma	elingeyushukuma	lingeyushukuma
Class 6	ayoshukuma	ayoshukuma	eyoshukuma	awayushukuma	angeyushukuma	engeyushukuma
Class 7	siyoshukuma	esiyoshukuma	siyoshukuma	asiyushukuma	esingeyushukuma	singeyushukuma
Class 8	ziyoshukuma	eziyoshukuma	ziyoshukuma	aziyushukuma	ezingeyushukuma	zingeyushukuma
Class 9	iyoshukuma	eyoshukuma	iyoshukuma	ayiyushukuma	engeyushukuma	ingeyushukuma
Class 10	ziyoshukuma	eziyoshukuma	ziyoshukuma	aziyushukuma	ezingeyushukuma	zingeyushukuma
Class 11	luyoshukuma	oluyoshukuma	luyoshukuma	aluyushukuma	olungeyushukuma	lungeyushukuma
Class 14	buyoshukuma	obuyoshukuma	buyoshukuma	abuyushukuma	obungeyushukuma	bungeyushukuma
Class 15	kuyoshukuma	okuyoshukuma	kuyoshukuma	akuyushukuma	okungeyushukuma	kungeyushukuma
Class 17	kuyoshukuma	okuyoshukuma	kuyoshukuma	akuyushukuma	okungeyushukuma	kungeyushukuma
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngishukume	ngingashukumi
2nd singular	ushukume	ungashukumi
1st plural	sishukume	singashukumi
2nd plural	nishukume	ningashukumi
Class 1	ashukume	angashukumi
Class 2	bashukume	bangashukumi
Class 3	ushukume	ungashukumi
Class 4	ishukume	ingashukumi
Class 5	lishukume	lingashukumi
Class 6	ashukume	angashukumi
Class 7	sishukume	singashukumi
Class 8	zishukume	zingashukumi
Class 9	ishukume	ingashukumi
Class 10	zishukume	zingashukumi
Class 11	lushukume	lungashukumi
Class 14	bushukume	bungashukumi
Class 15	kushukume	kungashukumi
Class 17	kushukume	kungashukumi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngashukuma	ngangashukuma, angashukuma, angangashukuma
2nd singular	washukuma	wangashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma
1st plural	sashukuma	sangashukuma, asashukuma, asangashukuma
2nd plural	nashukuma	nangashukuma, anashukuma, anangashukuma
Class 1	washukuma	wangashukuma, akashukuma, akangashukuma
Class 2	bashukuma	bangashukuma, abashukuma, abangashukuma
Class 3	washukuma	wangashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma
Class 4	yashukuma	yangashukuma, ayashukuma, ayangashukuma
Class 5	lashukuma	langashukuma, alashukuma, alangashukuma
Class 6	ashukuma	angashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma
Class 7	sashukuma	sangashukuma, asashukuma, asangashukuma
Class 8	zashukuma	zangashukuma, azashukuma, azangashukuma
Class 9	yashukuma	yangashukuma, ayashukuma, ayangashukuma
Class 10	zashukuma	zangashukuma, azashukuma, azangashukuma
Class 11	lwashukuma	lwangashukuma, alwashukuma, alwangashukuma
Class 14	bashukuma	bangashukuma, abashukuma, abangashukuma
Class 15	kwashukuma	kwangashukuma, akwashukuma, akwangashukuma
Class 17	kwashukuma	kwangashukuma, akwashukuma, akwangashukuma

Derived terms

• -shukumisa

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shukuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shukuma (3.2.9)”