θαιρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, a technical term, which Brugmann derived from Proto-Hellenic *tʰwaryós, itself from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”). Compare θύρα (thúra, “door”).

On the other hand, Lubotsky and Mayrhofer derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *dʰurh₁- (“chariot pole”), and compare it with Hittite [script needed] (tūrii̯a-, “to harness”), Sanskrit धुर् (dhur, “yoke, pole”), and perhaps Tocharian A tursko (“draught ox”). Given the similarity in form and, to some extent, meaning between the two proto-Indo-European forms, it is possible they are connected.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tʰai̯.rós/ → /θɛˈros/ → /θeˈros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰai̯.rós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tʰɛˈros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /θɛˈros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /θeˈros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /θeˈros/

Noun

θαιρός • (thairós) m (genitive θαιροῦ); second declension

1. pivot of a door or gate
2. axle of a chariot

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ θαιρός; τοῦ θαιροῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ θαιρός ho thairós	τὼ θαιρώ tṑ thairṓ	οἱ θαιροί hoi thairoí
Genitive	τοῦ θαιροῦ toû thairoû	τοῖν θαιροῖν toîn thairoîn	τῶν θαιρῶν tôn thairôn
Dative	τῷ θαιρῷ tôi thairôi	τοῖν θαιροῖν toîn thairoîn	τοῖς θαιροῖς toîs thairoîs
Accusative	τὸν θαιρόν tòn thairón	τὼ θαιρώ tṑ thairṓ	τοὺς θαιρούς toùs thairoús
Vocative	θαιρέ thairé	θαιρώ thairṓ	θαιροί thairoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• θαιραῖος (thairaîos)
• θαιροδύτης (thairodútēs)

 

Descendants

• Arabic: تِرْس (tirs)

Further reading

• “θαιρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “θαιρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “θαιρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• θαιρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette