τύκος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• τύχος (túkhos)

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *túkos, traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *teuk-, with cognates in Russian ткать (tkatʹ, “to weave”) and Latvian tūkât (“to knead, press”). Yet the consonant variation rather seems to demonstrate that the word is Pre-Greek. The influence of τεύχω (teúkhō, “to make”) is improbable, as its meaning is not specific enough.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tý.kos/ → /ˈty.kos/ → /ˈti.kos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tý.kos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈty.kos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈty.kos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈty.kos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈti.kos/

Noun

τῠ́κος • (túkos) m (genitive τῠ́κου); second declension

1. instrument for stonework, mason's hammer or pick
2. battle axe, poleaxe

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ τῠ́κος; τοῦ τῠ́κου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ τῠ́κος ho túkos	τὼ τῠ́κω tṑ túkō	οἱ τῠ́κοι hoi túkoi
Genitive	τοῦ τῠ́κου toû túkou	τοῖν τῠ́κοιν toîn túkoin	τῶν τῠ́κων tôn túkōn
Dative	τῷ τῠ́κῳ tôi túkōi	τοῖν τῠ́κοιν toîn túkoin	τοῖς τῠ́κοις toîs túkois
Accusative	τὸν τῠ́κον tòn túkon	τὼ τῠ́κω tṑ túkō	τοὺς τῠ́κους toùs túkous
Vocative	τῠ́κε túke	τῠ́κω túkō	τῠ́κοι túkoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• εὔτῠκος (eútukos)
• τῠκᾰ́νη (tukánē)
• τῠκῐ́ζω (tukízō)
• τῠκῐ́ον (tukíon)
• τῠ́κῐσμᾰ (túkisma)

 

Further reading

• “τύκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τύκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• τύκος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN