пестя

See also: песта

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěstiti (“to nurture”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɛˈstʲɤ̟]

Verb

пестя́ • (pestjá) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (transitive) to save, to economize (to restrain from spending some limited resource)

   Synonym: икономи́свам (ikonomísvam)

   1. → to not overuse, to limit the usage of

      пестя сили ― pestja sili ― to save one's strength

   2. → to preserve, to conserve

      пестя провизии ― pestja provizii ― to conserve provisions

2. (transitive) to save towards (to put aside fraction of some resource for further use)

   Synonyms: къ́там (kǎ́tam), заде́лям (zadéljam)

   1. → to be parsimonious of, to put by, to lay aside

      пестя пари ― pestja pari ― to put aside money

   2. → to nurse, to store

      пестя ресурси за следващи начинания

      pestja resursi za sledvašti načinanija

      to save resources for incoming tasks

3. (intransitive, transitive) to spare, not to waste (to prevent the squander of resources)

   Synonym: щадя́ (štadjá)

   пестя време чрез/посредством ...

   pestja vreme črez/posredstvom ...

   to spare one's time by ...

Conjugation

    Conjugation of пестя́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	пестя́щ pestjášt	пести́л pestíl	пестя́л pestjál	песте́н pestén		песте́йки pestéjki
	definite subject form	пестя́щият pestjáštijat	пести́лият pestílijat	—	песте́ният pesténijat
	definite object form	пестя́щия pestjáštija	пести́лия pestílija	—	песте́ния pesténija
feminine	indefinite	пестя́ща pestjášta	пести́ла pestíla	пестя́ла pestjála	песте́на pesténa
	definite	пестя́щата pestjáštata	пести́лата pestílata	—	песте́ната pesténata
neuter	indefinite	пестя́що pestjášto	пести́ло pestílo	пестя́ло pestjálo	песте́но pesténo	песте́не pesténe
	definite	пестя́щото pestjáštoto	пести́лото pestíloto	—	песте́ното pesténoto	песте́нето pesténeto
plural	indefinite	пестя́щи pestjášti	пести́ли pestíli	песте́ли pestéli	песте́ни pesténi	песте́ния, песте́нета pesténija, pesténeta
	definite	пестя́щите pestjáštite	пести́лите pestílite	—	песте́ните pesténite	песте́нията, песте́нетата pesténijata, pesténetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		пестя́ pestjá	пести́ш pestíš	пести́ pestí	пести́м pestím	пести́те pestíte	пестя́т pestját
imperfect		пестя́х pestjáh	песте́ше pestéše	песте́ше pestéše	пестя́хме pestjáhme	пестя́хте pestjáhte	пестя́ха pestjáha
aorist		пести́х pestíh	пести́ pestí	пести́ pestí	пести́хме pestíhme	пести́хте pestíhte	пести́ха pestíha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пестя́л m, пестя́ла f, пестя́ло n, or песте́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пестя́л m, пестя́ла f, пестя́ло n, or песте́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пестя́л m, пестя́ла f, пестя́ло n, or песте́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пести́л m, пести́ла f, пести́ло n, or пести́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			пести́ pestí			песте́те pestéte

Derived terms

• запестя́ pf (zapestjá), запестя́вам impf (zapestjávam)
• напестя́ pf (napestjá), напестя́вам impf (napestjávam) (dialectal)
• попестя́ pf (popestjá), попестя́вам impf (popestjávam) (dialectal)
• спестя́ pf (spestjá), спестя́вам impf (spestjávam)
• пестели́в (pestelív, “thrifty, frugal”)
  • пестели́вост (pestelívost) (abstract noun)
  • пестели́вец (pestelívec) (agent noun)

Related terms

• песту́вам (pestúvam, “to heed”) (rare)
  • песто́вник (pestóvnik, “saver”)
  • песту́н (pestún, “mentor, guardian”) (obsolete)

References

• “пестя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “пестя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пестя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 189