плющя

Bulgarian

Etymology

Heterogenous:

• Durative-iterative of onomatopoeia плю́сък (pljúsǎk, “splash, slap”) +‎ -я (-ja), from Proto-Slavic *pľuskъ. Parallel to плю́кам (pljúkam), плю́гам (pljúgam), плю́сам (pljúsam), пля́скам (pljáskam), пле́щя (pléštja) from similar onomatopoeias.
• Causative of плю́ска (pljúska, “swelling, bulging”) +‎ -я (-ja), from Proto-Slavic *pľuska < Proto-Balto-Slavic *pljauskāˀ (whence Lithuanian pliaũskė (“billet, chump”)).
• Possibly from a sk-inchoative derivative of Proto-Balto-Slavic *pjáuˀtei (“to chop, to hack”) with expressive sense, akin to Lithuanian pjáuti (“to cut”), Latvian pļaut (“to reap, to mow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [plʲo̟ʃˈtʲɤ̟]
• IPA^(key): [ˈplʲu̟ʃtʲɐ]

Verb

плющя́ or плю́щя • (pljuštjá or pljúštja) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (intransitive) to crackle, to fizzle (to make blunt popping noise)

   Synonyms: пу́кам (púkam), тра́кам (trákam), пращя́ (praštjá), щра́кам (štrákam)

   ня́кому уши́те плющя́т (phraseologism) ― njákomu ušíte pljuštját ― [to do something so energetically, as to cause] one's ears to fizzle

2. (intransitive) to rage, to bellow (of rain or storm)

   Synonyms: трещя́ (treštjá), бушу́вам (bušúvam)

   → (poetic, figurative) to gust, to blast, to thunder (intransitive or reflexive)

   ку́ршуми летя́т, то́пове (се) плющя́т (poetic description of battle) ― kúršumi letját, tópove (se) pljuštját ― bullets fly, cannons blast

3. (transitive, intransitive) to flap, to flutter, to clap

   Synonyms: пля́скам (pljáskam), шля́пам (šljápam)

4. (transitive, expressive) to smack, to spank, to slap (someone); to thwack, to smite (on something)

   Synonyms: у́дрям (údrjam), пра́скам (práskam), тря́свам (trjásvam), лю́скам (ljúskam)

   плю́щя ня́кому шама́р ― pljúštja njákomu šamár ― to give someone a spank

Usage notes

Gerov's dictionary gives the intransitive and the transitive meanings separately (probably still distinguished during his time). In the modern language, the two have merged.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of плющя́ (conjugation 2.2, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	плющя́щ pljuštjášt	плющя́л pljuštjál	плющя́л pljuštjál	—		плюще́йки pljuštéjki
	definite subject form	плющя́щият pljuštjáštijat	плюще́лият pljuštélijat	—	—
	definite object form	плющя́щия pljuštjáštija	плюще́лия pljuštélija	—	—
feminine	indefinite	плющя́ща pljuštjášta	плющя́ла pljuštjála	плющя́ла pljuštjála	—
	definite	плющя́щата pljuštjáštata	плющя́лата pljuštjálata	—	—
neuter	indefinite	плющя́що pljuštjášto	плющя́ло pljuštjálo	плющя́ло pljuštjálo	—	плюще́не pljušténe
	definite	плющя́щото pljuštjáštoto	плющя́лото pljuštjáloto	—	—	плюще́нето pljušténeto
plural	indefinite	плющя́щи pljuštjášti	плюще́ли pljuštéli	плюще́ли pljuštéli	—	плюще́ния, плюще́нета pljušténija, pljušténeta
	definite	плющя́щите pljuštjáštite	плюще́лите pljuštélite	—	—	плюще́нията, плюще́нетата pljušténijata, pljušténetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		плющя́ pljuštjá	плющи́ш pljuštíš	плющи́ pljuští	плющи́м pljuštím	плющи́те pljuštíte	плющя́т pljuštját
imperfect		плющя́х pljuštjáh	плюще́ше pljuštéše	плюще́ше pljuštéše	плющя́хме pljuštjáhme	плющя́хте pljuštjáhte	плющя́ха pljuštjáha
aorist		плющя́х pljuštjáh	плющя́ pljuštjá	плющя́ pljuštjá	плющя́хме pljuštjáhme	плющя́хте pljuštjáhte	плющя́ха pljuštjáha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			плющи́ pljuští			плюще́те pljuštéte

or

    Conjugation of плю́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	плю́щещ pljúštešt	плю́щил, плющи́л1 pljúštil, pljuštíl1	плю́щел pljúštel	плю́щен pljúšten		плю́щейки pljúštejki
	definite subject form	плю́щещият pljúšteštijat	плю́щилият, плющи́лият1 pljúštilijat, pljuštílijat1	—	плю́щеният pljúštenijat
	definite object form	плю́щещия pljúšteštija	плю́щилия, плющи́лия1 pljúštilija, pljuštílija1	—	плю́щения pljúštenija
feminine	indefinite	плю́щеща pljúštešta	плю́щила, плющи́ла1 pljúštila, pljuštíla1	плю́щела pljúštela	плю́щена pljúštena
	definite	плю́щещата pljúšteštata	плю́щилата, плющи́лата1 pljúštilata, pljuštílata1	—	плю́щената pljúštenata
neuter	indefinite	плю́щещо pljúštešto	плю́щило, плющи́ло1 pljúštilo, pljuštílo1	плю́щело pljúštelo	плю́щено pljúšteno	плю́щене pljúštene
	definite	плю́щещото pljúšteštoto	плю́щилото, плющи́лото1 pljúštiloto, pljuštíloto1	—	плю́щеното pljúštenoto	плю́щенето pljúšteneto
plural	indefinite	плю́щещи pljúštešti	плю́щили, плющи́ли1 pljúštili, pljuštíli1	плю́щели pljúšteli	плю́щени pljúšteni	плю́щения, плю́щенета pljúštenija, pljúšteneta
	definite	плю́щещите pljúšteštite	плю́щилите, плющи́лите1 pljúštilite, pljuštílite1	—	плю́щените pljúštenite	плю́щенията, плю́щенетата pljúštenijata, pljúštenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		плю́щя pljúštja	плю́щиш pljúštiš	плю́щи pljúšti	плю́щим pljúštim	плю́щите pljúštite	плю́щят pljúštjat
imperfect		плю́щех pljúšteh	плю́щеше pljúšteše	плю́щеше pljúšteše	плю́щехме pljúštehme	плю́щехте pljúštehte	плю́щеха pljúšteha
aorist		плю́щих, плющи́х1 pljúštih, pljuštíh1	плю́щи, плющи́1 pljúšti, pljuští1	плю́щи, плющи́1 pljúšti, pljuští1	плю́щихме, плющи́хме1 pljúštihme, pljuštíhme1	плю́щихте, плющи́хте1 pljúštihte, pljuštíhte1	плю́щиха, плющи́ха1 pljúštiha, pljuštíha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			плющи́ pljuští			плюще́те pljuštéte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

• заплю́щя́ pf (zapljúštjá), заплющя́вам impf (zapljuštjávam)
• изплю́щя́ pf (izpljúštjá), изплющя́вам impf (izpljuštjávam)
• наплю́щя́ pf (napljúštjá), наплющя́вам impf (napljuštjávam) (dialectal)
• разплю́щя́ pf (razpljúštjá), разплющя́вам impf (razpljuštjávam)

Related terms

• плю́кам (pljúkam, “to crackle”)
• плю́сам (pljúsam, “to clap”)
• плю́скам impf (pljúskam), плю́свам impf (pljúsvam), плю́сна pf (pljúsna, “to gobble; to spank”)
• пльо́свам се (pljósvam se, “to flap down”)
• плющ (pljušt, “ivy, common hop”) (dialectal)

References

• “плющя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “плющя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “плюскам, плюсна, плющя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 381
• Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “плю́щѭ, -ишь; -щи́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 49
• Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “плющѭ́, -и́шь; -щѣ́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[2] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 49