المريخ
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Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From the root م ر خ (m-r-ḵ), meaning "to rub", "to leak sap (especially flammable oils)", "to anoint or cover in oil", "to rub together flammable branches"; stemming from the red color of the planet being associated with fire, a conception found in archaic synonyms as well.
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
اَلْمِرِّيخ • (al-mirrīḵ) m
- (astronomy) the planet Mars
- اَلْمِرِّيخُ هُوَ ٱلْكَوْكَبُ ٱلرَّابِعُ فِي ٱلْبُعْدِ عَنِ ٱلشَّمْسِ فِي ٱلنِّظَامِ ٱلشَّمْسِيِّ وَهُوَ ٱلْجَارُ ٱلْخَارِجِيُّ لِلْأَرْضِ وَيُصَنَّفُ كَوْكَبًا صَخْرِيًّا، مِنْ مَجْمُوعَةِ ٱلْكَوَاكِبِ ٱلْأَرْضِيَّةِ.
- al-mirrīḵu huwa l-kawkabu r-rābiʕu fī l-buʕdi ʕani š-šamsi fī n-niẓāmi š-šamsiyyi wahuwa l-jāru l-ḵārijiyyu lilʔarḍi wayuṣannafu kawkaban ṣaḵriyyan, min majmūʕati l-kawākibi l-ʔarḍiyyati.
- Mars is the fourth planet in distance from the Sun in the Solar System and it is Earth's external neighbor and is classified as a rocky planet from the group of the Terrestrial Planets.
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun الْمِرِّيخ (al-mirrīḵ)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | الْمِرِّيخ al-mirrīḵ |
— |
| Nominative | — | الْمِرِّيخُ al-mirrīḵu |
— |
| Accusative | — | الْمِرِّيخَ al-mirrīḵa |
— |
| Genitive | — | الْمِرِّيخِ al-mirrīḵi |
— |
Synonyms[edit]
- المُحَرِّق (al-muḥarriq, “the burner, the burning one”)
- عَزِيزَان (ʕazīzān, “the most powerful, strongest, the most intense”)
- الأَحْمَر (al-ʔaḥmar, “the red one”)
- النَحْسَانِ (an-naḥsāni, “the two misfortunes”), paired with Saturn, contrasted with Venus and Mercury, or Venus and Jupiter in another tradition
- النَحْس الأَصْغَر (an-naḥs al-ʔaṣḡar, “the lesser misfortune”), contrasted with Saturn the greater
Related terms[edit]
- مِرِّيخِيّ (mirrīḵiyy)
Descendants[edit]
- South Levantine Arabic: المريخ (il-marrīḵ)
- → Classical Syriac: ܡܰܪܪܻܝܟ (marrīḵ)
- → Persian: مریخ (merrix)
- → Swahili: Mirihi
- → Tatar: Merih
See also[edit]
- (planets of the Solar System) كَوَاكِب الْمَجْمُوعَة الشَّمْسِيَّة (kawākib al-majmūʿa aš-šamsiyya); عُطَارِد (ʕuṭārid), الزُّهَرَة (az-zuhara), الْأَرْض (al-ʔarḍ), الْمِرِّيخ (al-mirrīḵ), الْمُشْتَرِي (al-muštarī), زُحَل (zuḥal), أُورَانُوس (ʾuranōs), نِبْتُون (nebtūn)
Further reading[edit]
- Freytag, Georg (1837) “المريخ”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 167