اکنا
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Punjabi[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Prakrit *𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*akka).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /ək.kᵊɳɑː/, [ɐk.kᵊɳäː]
Verb[edit]
اَکّݨا • (akkṇā) (intransitive, Gurmukhi spelling ਅੱਕਣਾ)
- (intransitive) to be vexed
- (transitive) to become fed up; sick of
- (transitive) to become extremely annoyed; irritated of
Conjugation[edit]
Impersonal forms of اکنا
| Undeclined | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | اَکّ (akk) | ||||
| Infinitive | اَکّݨا (akkṇā) | ||||
| Oblique Infinitive | اَکَّݨ (akkaṇ) | ||||
| Conjunctive | اَکّ کے (akk ke) | ||||
| Progressive | اَکّدے اَکّدے (akkde akkde) | ||||
| Participles | |||||
| dir m s | m p obl m s | f s | f p | ||
| Habitual | اَکّدا (akkdā) | اَکّدے (akkde) | اَکّدی (akkdī) | اَکّدِیاں (akkdīyāṉ) | |
| Perfective | اَکّیْا (akkiyā) | اَکّے (akke) | اَکّی (akkī) | اَکّیْا (akkiyā) | |
| Prospective Agentive | اَکَّݨ آلا (akkaṇ ālā) | اَکَّݨ آلے (akkaṇ āle) | اَکَّݨ آلی (akkaṇ ālī) | اَکَّݨ آلیْاں (akkaṇ āliyāṉ) | |
| Adjectival | Perfective | اَکّیْا ہویْا (akkiyā hoyā) | اَکّے ہوئے (akke ho'e) | اَکّی ہوئی (akkī ho'ī) | اَکّدِیاں ہوئِیاں |
| Habitual | اَکّدا ہویْا (akkdā hoyā) | اَکّدے ہوئے (akkde ho'e) | اَکّدی ہوئی (akkdī ho'ī) | اَکّدِیاں ہوئِیاں | |
Non-Aspectual forms of اکنا
| Non-Aspectual | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Singular / Formal | Plural / Formal | ||||||
| 1st
میں |
2nd
تُوں |
3rd
ایہہ / اوہ |
2nd
تُسیں |
1st
اسیں |
2ndF / 3rd
ایہہ / اوہ | |||
| Indicative | Perfective | Masculine | اَکّیْا (akkiyā) | اَکّے (akke) | ||||
| Feminine | اَکّی (akkī) | اَکِّیاں (akkiyāṉ) | ||||||
| Future | Masculine | اَکّاں گا (akkāṉ gā) | اَکّیْں گا (akkeṉ gā) | اَکّے گا (akke gā) | اَکّو گے (akko ge) | اَکّاں گے (akkāṉ ge) | اَکَّݨ گے (akkaṇ ge) | |
| Feminine | اَکّاں گی (akkāṉ gī) | اَکّیْں گی (akkeṉ gī) | اَکّے گی (akke gī) | اَکّاں گِیاں (akkāṉ gīyāṉ) | اَکَّݨ گِیاں (akkaṇ gīyāṉ) | |||
| Subjunctive | Future | اَکّاں (akkāṉ) | اَکّیْں (akkeṉ) | اَکّے (akke) | اَکّو (akko) | اَکّئِیے (akk'iye) | اَکَّݨ (akkaṇ) | |
| Imperative | Regular | اَکّ (akk) | اَکّو (akko) | اَکّو (akko) | ||||
| Polite | اَکِّیْں (akkiīṉ) | اَکِّیو (akkiyo) | اَکِّیو (akkiyo) | |||||
| Contrafactual | Present | Masculine | اَکّْدا (akkdā) / اَکَّنْدا (akkandā) | اَکّْدے (akkde) / اَکَّنْدے (akkande) | ||||
| Feminine | اَکّدی (akkdī) / اَکَّنْدی (akkandī) | اَکّْدِیاں (akkdīyāṉ) / اَکَّنْدِیاں (akkandīyāṉ) | ||||||
Further reading[edit]
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “اکّن”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- “ਅੱਕਣਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*akka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press