صفد

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Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

In view of the restricted meanings, exposing only denominal verbs, probably an Aramaic borrowing, with the original form seen in Classical Syriac ܨܦܕܐ (ṣep̄dā, “book binding; pitcher of wine”), evidently only two fragments of a more general meaning, suggested by Jewish Palestinian Aramaic צפד (ṣfd, “to weave”). The other Arabic form صِفَاد (ṣifād) is secondary, a pattern popular for fasteners and instruments of a certain kind, see شِكَال (šikāl), or even back-formed in dialects from the plural as with زِنَاد (zinād) instead of زَنْد (zand). Probably to be traced to a biliteral root, found in ܨܦܘܦܐ (ṣappūp̄ā, “fetters, clogs”), Arabic ضَفَّ (ḍaffa, “to push, to throng, to jam”), extended in Arabic ضَفَرَ (ḍafara, “to weave, to plait”), while صَفَّ (ṣaffa, “to line”) may be an Aramaic borrowing again. Arabic كِبْل (kibl) and قَيْد (qayd) are also Aramaisms.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sˤa.fa.da/ (verb I)
  • IPA(key): /sˤaf.fa.da/ (verb II)
  • IPA(key): /sˤa.fad/ (noun)

Verb[edit]

صَفَدَ • (ṣafada) I, non-past يَصْفِدُ‎ (yaṣfidu)

  1. to bind, to tie, to shackle, to fetter

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
صَفَدَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns صَفْد or صُفُود)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
صَفْد or صُفُود

ṣafd or ṣufūd
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ṣāfid
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maṣfūd
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣafadtu
ṣafadta
صَفَدَ

ṣafada
ṣafadtumā
ṣafadā
ṣafadnā
ṣafadtum
ṣafadū
f
ṣafadti
ṣafadat
ṣafadatā
ṣafadtunna
ṣafadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaṣfidu
taṣfidu
yaṣfidu
taṣfidāni
yaṣfidāni
naṣfidu
taṣfidūna
yaṣfidūna
f
taṣfidīna
taṣfidu
taṣfidāni
taṣfidna
yaṣfidna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaṣfida
taṣfida
yaṣfida
taṣfidā
yaṣfidā
naṣfida
taṣfidū
yaṣfidū
f
taṣfidī
taṣfida
taṣfidā
taṣfidna
yaṣfidna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaṣfid
taṣfid
yaṣfid
taṣfidā
yaṣfidā
naṣfid
taṣfidū
yaṣfidū
f
taṣfidī
taṣfid
taṣfidā
taṣfidna
yaṣfidna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
iṣfid
iṣfidā
iṣfidū
f
iṣfidī
iṣfidna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣufidtu
ṣufidta
صُفِدَ

ṣufida
ṣufidtumā
ṣufidā
ṣufidnā
ṣufidtum
ṣufidū
f
ṣufidti
ṣufidat
ṣufidatā
ṣufidtunna
ṣufidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuṣfadu
tuṣfadu
yuṣfadu
tuṣfadāni
yuṣfadāni
nuṣfadu
tuṣfadūna
yuṣfadūna
f
tuṣfadīna
tuṣfadu
tuṣfadāni
tuṣfadna
yuṣfadna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuṣfada
tuṣfada
yuṣfada
tuṣfadā
yuṣfadā
nuṣfada
tuṣfadū
yuṣfadū
f
tuṣfadī
tuṣfada
tuṣfadā
tuṣfadna
yuṣfadna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuṣfad
tuṣfad
yuṣfad
tuṣfadā
yuṣfadā
nuṣfad
tuṣfadū
yuṣfadū
f
tuṣfadī
tuṣfad
tuṣfadā
tuṣfadna
yuṣfadna

Verb[edit]

صَفَّدَ • (ṣaffada) II, non-past يُصَفِّدُ‎ (yuṣaffidu)

  1. to bind, to tie, to shackle, to fetter

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
صَفَّدَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
taṣfīd
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muṣaffid
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muṣaffad
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣaffadtu
ṣaffadta
صَفَّدَ

ṣaffada
ṣaffadtumā
ṣaffadā
ṣaffadnā
ṣaffadtum
ṣaffadū
f
ṣaffadti
ṣaffadat
ṣaffadatā
ṣaffadtunna
ṣaffadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuṣaffidu
tuṣaffidu
yuṣaffidu
tuṣaffidāni
yuṣaffidāni
nuṣaffidu
tuṣaffidūna
yuṣaffidūna
f
tuṣaffidīna
tuṣaffidu
tuṣaffidāni
tuṣaffidna
yuṣaffidna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuṣaffida
tuṣaffida
yuṣaffida
tuṣaffidā
yuṣaffidā
nuṣaffida
tuṣaffidū
yuṣaffidū
f
tuṣaffidī
tuṣaffida
tuṣaffidā
tuṣaffidna
yuṣaffidna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuṣaffid
tuṣaffid
yuṣaffid
tuṣaffidā
yuṣaffidā
nuṣaffid
tuṣaffidū
yuṣaffidū
f
tuṣaffidī
tuṣaffid
tuṣaffidā
tuṣaffidna
yuṣaffidna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
صَفِّدْ

ṣaffid
ṣaffidā
ṣaffidū
f
ṣaffidī
ṣaffidna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ṣuffidtu
ṣuffidta
صُفِّدَ

ṣuffida
ṣuffidtumā
ṣuffidā
ṣuffidnā
ṣuffidtum
ṣuffidū
f
ṣuffidti
ṣuffidat
ṣuffidatā
ṣuffidtunna
ṣuffidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuṣaffadu
tuṣaffadu
yuṣaffadu
tuṣaffadāni
yuṣaffadāni
nuṣaffadu
tuṣaffadūna
yuṣaffadūna
f
tuṣaffadīna
tuṣaffadu
tuṣaffadāni
tuṣaffadna
yuṣaffadna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuṣaffada
tuṣaffada
yuṣaffada
tuṣaffadā
yuṣaffadā
nuṣaffada
tuṣaffadū
yuṣaffadū
f
tuṣaffadī
tuṣaffada
tuṣaffadā
tuṣaffadna
yuṣaffadna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuṣaffad
tuṣaffad
yuṣaffad
tuṣaffadā
yuṣaffadā
nuṣaffad
tuṣaffadū
yuṣaffadū
f
tuṣaffadī
tuṣaffad
tuṣaffadā
tuṣaffadna
yuṣaffadna

Noun[edit]

صَفَد • (ṣafad) m (plural أَصْفَاد (ʔaṣfād))

  1. chain, shackles
  2. (obsolete) present, donation, something bound to be gifted to someone

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun صَفَد (ṣafad)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal صَفَد
ṣafad 		الصَّفَد
aṣ-ṣafad 		صَفَد
ṣafad
Nominative صَفَدٌ
ṣafadun 		الصَّفَدُ
aṣ-ṣafadu 		صَفَدُ
ṣafadu
Accusative صَفَدًا
ṣafadan 		الصَّفَدَ
aṣ-ṣafada 		صَفَدَ
ṣafada
Genitive صَفَدٍ
ṣafadin 		الصَّفَدِ
aṣ-ṣafadi 		صَفَدِ
ṣafadi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal صَفَدَيْن
ṣafadayn 		الصَّفَدَيْن
aṣ-ṣafadayn 		صَفَدَيْ
ṣafaday
Nominative صَفَدَانِ
ṣafadāni 		الصَّفَدَانِ
aṣ-ṣafadāni 		صَفَدَا
ṣafadā
Accusative صَفَدَيْنِ
ṣafadayni 		الصَّفَدَيْنِ
aṣ-ṣafadayni 		صَفَدَيْ
ṣafaday
Genitive صَفَدَيْنِ
ṣafadayni 		الصَّفَدَيْنِ
aṣ-ṣafadayni 		صَفَدَيْ
ṣafaday
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَصْفَاد
ʔaṣfād 		الْأَصْفَاد
al-ʔaṣfād 		أَصْفَاد
ʔaṣfād
Nominative أَصْفَادٌ
ʔaṣfādun 		الْأَصْفَادُ
al-ʔaṣfādu 		أَصْفَادُ
ʔaṣfādu
Accusative أَصْفَادًا
ʔaṣfādan 		الْأَصْفَادَ
al-ʔaṣfāda 		أَصْفَادَ
ʔaṣfāda
Genitive أَصْفَادٍ
ʔaṣfādin 		الْأَصْفَادِ
al-ʔaṣfādi 		أَصْفَادِ
ʔaṣfādi

Proper noun[edit]

صَفَد • (ṣafad) f

  1. Safed (a city in Israel)

References[edit]

  • “ṣpdˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • “ṣpwp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • “ṣpd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • “ṣpp2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 634
  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “صفد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 503a
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “صفد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1345b
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “صفد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎[3], London: Williams & Norgate
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “صفد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 604
  • Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “صفد”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic صَفَد (ṣafad).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sˤa.fad/, [ˈsˤɑ.fɑdˤ]
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Proper noun[edit]

صفد • (ṣafad) f

  1. Safed (a city in Galilee, Israel)
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