قادوس

Arabic

FWOTD – 8 March 2021

قَوَادِيس (sense 1)

قَوَادِيس (sense 2)

قَادُوس (sense 3)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos). The form قَدَس (qadas), anciently used in the Ḥijāz and thence exported to Northwestern Arabic, came via Aramaic – Classical Syriac ܩܱܕܣܴܐ (qadsā, qaddəsā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qaː.duːs/

Noun

قَادُوس • (qādūs) m (plural قَوَادِيس (qawādīs))

2. skep, scoop, kibble, bucket, dipper (for a well or a mill or for irrigation or an excavator or whatever)

   Alternative form: قَدَس (qadas)

   • a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎^[1], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 208 line 8:

     والقادوس كوز الدولاب

     And bucket is the dipper of a water-wheel.

4. pipe, conduit, duct, for example such as affiliated to the buckets or scoops of a waterwheel for irrigation
   • 977, أبو القاسم بن حوقل, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, كتاب مسالك والممالك [kitāb masālik wa-l-mamālik] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 2)‎^[2], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1873, pages 86 line 14–15:

     ويحيط بالبلد عيون غيرها مشهورة ينتفع بمياهها كالقادوس

     And one finds in the environs of the town other famed springs the water of which is employed as irrigation’s wellhead.

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 15, page 308:
     with emendations Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قادوس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 314
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 15, page 656:
6. a hopper, as that of an industrial machine.
8. (obsolete) a kind of ship or barge

   Alternative form: قَادِس (qādis)

   • a. 608, by زُهَيْر بِن أَبِي سُلْمَى (zuhayr bin ʔabī sulmā)

     إِذَا تَرَامَت بِهَا الدَيْمُومَةُ الْجَدَدُ / عَوْمَ الْقَوَادِسِ قَفَّى الْأَرْدَمُونَ بِهَا / إِذَا تَرَامَى بِهَا الْمُغْلَوْلِبُ الزَبِدُ / بِفِتْيَةٍ كَسُيُوفِ الْهِنْدِ يَبْعَثُهُم

     ʔiḏā tarāmat bi-hā d-daymūmatu l-jadadu / ʕawma l-qawādisi qaffā l-ʔardamūna bi-hā / ʔiḏā tarāmā bi-hā l-muḡlawlibu z-zabidu / bi-fityatin ka-suyūfi l-hindi yabʕaṯu-hum

     When the wasteland of the hard soil was reached / by floating in the barges, they put up behind them the foresail / And when the luxuriance of foam / hit the young men, it sent them forth like Indian swords.

Declension

Declension of noun قَادُوس (qādūs)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَادُوس qādūs	الْقَادُوس al-qādūs	قَادُوس qādūs
Nominative	قَادُوسٌ qādūsun	الْقَادُوسُ al-qādūsu	قَادُوسُ qādūsu
Accusative	قَادُوسًا qādūsan	الْقَادُوسَ al-qādūsa	قَادُوسَ qādūsa
Genitive	قَادُوسٍ qādūsin	الْقَادُوسِ al-qādūsi	قَادُوسِ qādūsi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَادُوسَيْن qādūsayn	الْقَادُوسَيْن al-qādūsayn	قَادُوسَيْ qādūsay
Nominative	قَادُوسَانِ qādūsāni	الْقَادُوسَانِ al-qādūsāni	قَادُوسَا qādūsā
Accusative	قَادُوسَيْنِ qādūsayni	الْقَادُوسَيْنِ al-qādūsayni	قَادُوسَيْ qādūsay
Genitive	قَادُوسَيْنِ qādūsayni	الْقَادُوسَيْنِ al-qādūsayni	قَادُوسَيْ qādūsay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَوَادِيس qawādīs	الْقَوَادِيس al-qawādīs	قَوَادِيس qawādīs
Nominative	قَوَادِيسُ qawādīsu	الْقَوَادِيسُ al-qawādīsu	قَوَادِيسُ qawādīsu
Accusative	قَوَادِيسَ qawādīsa	الْقَوَادِيسَ al-qawādīsa	قَوَادِيسَ qawādīsa
Genitive	قَوَادِيسَ qawādīsa	الْقَوَادِيسِ al-qawādīsi	قَوَادِيسِ qawādīsi

Descendants

• → Catalan: alcaduf, caduf
• → Galician: alcatruz
• → Portuguese: alcatruz
  • → Spanish: alcatruz
• → Sicilian: catusu
  • → Maltese: katusa
• → Spanish: alcaduz, arcaduz, cadufo, arcanduz

References

• Ibn Ḵātima (a. 1369) “Un document nouveau sur l’arabe dialectal d’Occident au XII^e siècle = إيراد اللآل من إنشاد الضوال [ʾīrad l-laʾāl min ʾinšād aḍ-ḍawāl]”, in G. S. Colin, editor, Hespéris‎^[4], volume 12, number 1, published 1931, page 27
• Corriente, Federico (2008) “قادوس”, in Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 97), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 71–72
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قادوس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[5] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 314
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne, Engelmann, Wilhelm Hermann (1869) Glossaire des mots espagnols et portugais, dérivés de l’arabe‎^[6] (in French), 2^nd edition, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 78
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 219
• Freytag, Georg (1835) “قادوس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[7] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 408
• Garosi, Eugenio (2022 December 1) “Regional Diversity in the Use of Administrative Loanwords in Early Islamic Arabic Documentary Sources (632–800 CE): A Preliminary Survey”, in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean World. From Constantinople to Baghdad, 500-1000 CE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 417
• Michael Jan de Goeje, editor (1879), Indices, glossarium et addenda et emendanda ad part. I–III (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 7)‎^[8] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1879, page 321
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “قادوس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[9] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 688
• Vollers, Karl (1897) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[10] (in German), volume 51, page 300
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “قادوس”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[11] (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 446
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قادوس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[12] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 993

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَادُوس (qādūs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qaː.duːs/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

قادوس • (qādūs) m (plural قوادس (qwādis))

1. pipe, conduit, drain