قدح

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See also: ق د ح

Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Root
ق د ح (q-d-ḥ)

The base stem verb is cognate to Classical Syriac ܩܕܰܚ (qdaḥ, “to bore, to pierce; to light, to heaten”), Aramaic קָדַח (qādah, “to bore, to pierce”), Ge'ez ቀድሐ (ḳädḥä, “to draw water; to pierce, to drill”). For the “cup” meaning, Ge'ez መቅድሕ (mäḳdəḥ, “water jar; drill”), Old South Arabian 𐩣𐩤𐩵𐩢 (mqdḥ, “cup, vessel for offerings”). Compare also قَدَّ (qadda, “to cut off”), as that root has been confused at least by Aramaic where ܩܕܰܚ (qdaḥ) also means “to shave” and קְדַד (qədad) “to penetrate”.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio(file)

Verb[edit]

قَدَحَ • (qadaḥa) I, non-past يَقْدَحُ‎ (yaqdaḥu)

  1. to light, to ignite, to spark
  2. to pierce, to bore, to drill
  3. to belittle, to diminish, to disparage, to vilify
  4. to vilify, to libel, to calumniate

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
قَدَحَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun قَدْح)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
قَدْح

qadḥ
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
qādiḥ
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maqdūḥ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
qadaḥtu
qadaḥta
قَدَحَ

qadaḥa
qadaḥtumā
qadaḥā
qadaḥnā
qadaḥtum
qadaḥū
f
qadaḥti
qadaḥat
qadaḥatā
qadaḥtunna
qadaḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaqdaḥu
taqdaḥu
yaqdaḥu
taqdaḥāni
yaqdaḥāni
naqdaḥu
taqdaḥūna
yaqdaḥūna
f
taqdaḥīna
taqdaḥu
taqdaḥāni
taqdaḥna
yaqdaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaqdaḥa
taqdaḥa
yaqdaḥa
taqdaḥā
yaqdaḥā
naqdaḥa
taqdaḥū
yaqdaḥū
f
taqdaḥī
taqdaḥa
taqdaḥā
taqdaḥna
yaqdaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaqdaḥ
taqdaḥ
yaqdaḥ
taqdaḥā
yaqdaḥā
naqdaḥ
taqdaḥū
yaqdaḥū
f
taqdaḥī
taqdaḥ
taqdaḥā
taqdaḥna
yaqdaḥna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
iqdaḥ
iqdaḥā
iqdaḥū
f
iqdaḥī
iqdaḥna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
qudiḥtu
qudiḥta
قُدِحَ

qudiḥa
qudiḥtumā
qudiḥā
qudiḥnā
qudiḥtum
qudiḥū
f
qudiḥti
qudiḥat
qudiḥatā
qudiḥtunna
qudiḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuqdaḥu
tuqdaḥu
yuqdaḥu
tuqdaḥāni
yuqdaḥāni
nuqdaḥu
tuqdaḥūna
yuqdaḥūna
f
tuqdaḥīna
tuqdaḥu
tuqdaḥāni
tuqdaḥna
yuqdaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuqdaḥa
tuqdaḥa
yuqdaḥa
tuqdaḥā
yuqdaḥā
nuqdaḥa
tuqdaḥū
yuqdaḥū
f
tuqdaḥī
tuqdaḥa
tuqdaḥā
tuqdaḥna
yuqdaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuqdaḥ
tuqdaḥ
yuqdaḥ
tuqdaḥā
yuqdaḥā
nuqdaḥ
tuqdaḥū
yuqdaḥū
f
tuqdaḥī
tuqdaḥ
tuqdaḥā
tuqdaḥna
yuqdaḥna

Verb[edit]

قَدَّحَ • (qaddaḥa) II, non-past يُقَدِّحُ‎ (yuqaddiḥu)

  1. to attenuate, to lessen

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
قَدَّحَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
taqdīḥ
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muqaddiḥ
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muqaddaḥ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
qaddaḥtu
qaddaḥta
قَدَّحَ

qaddaḥa
qaddaḥtumā
qaddaḥā
qaddaḥnā
qaddaḥtum
qaddaḥū
f
qaddaḥti
qaddaḥat
qaddaḥatā
qaddaḥtunna
qaddaḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuqaddiḥu
tuqaddiḥu
yuqaddiḥu
tuqaddiḥāni
yuqaddiḥāni
nuqaddiḥu
tuqaddiḥūna
yuqaddiḥūna
f
tuqaddiḥīna
tuqaddiḥu
tuqaddiḥāni
tuqaddiḥna
yuqaddiḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuqaddiḥa
tuqaddiḥa
yuqaddiḥa
tuqaddiḥā
yuqaddiḥā
nuqaddiḥa
tuqaddiḥū
yuqaddiḥū
f
tuqaddiḥī
tuqaddiḥa
tuqaddiḥā
tuqaddiḥna
yuqaddiḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuqaddiḥ
tuqaddiḥ
yuqaddiḥ
tuqaddiḥā
yuqaddiḥā
nuqaddiḥ
tuqaddiḥū
yuqaddiḥū
f
tuqaddiḥī
tuqaddiḥ
tuqaddiḥā
tuqaddiḥna
yuqaddiḥna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
قَدِّحْ

qaddiḥ
qaddiḥā
qaddiḥū
f
qaddiḥī
qaddiḥna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
quddiḥtu
quddiḥta
قُدِّحَ

quddiḥa
quddiḥtumā
quddiḥā
quddiḥnā
quddiḥtum
quddiḥū
f
quddiḥti
quddiḥat
quddiḥatā
quddiḥtunna
quddiḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuqaddaḥu
tuqaddaḥu
yuqaddaḥu
tuqaddaḥāni
yuqaddaḥāni
nuqaddaḥu
tuqaddaḥūna
yuqaddaḥūna
f
tuqaddaḥīna
tuqaddaḥu
tuqaddaḥāni
tuqaddaḥna
yuqaddaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuqaddaḥa
tuqaddaḥa
yuqaddaḥa
tuqaddaḥā
yuqaddaḥā
nuqaddaḥa
tuqaddaḥū
yuqaddaḥū
f
tuqaddaḥī
tuqaddaḥa
tuqaddaḥā
tuqaddaḥna
yuqaddaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuqaddaḥ
tuqaddaḥ
yuqaddaḥ
tuqaddaḥā
yuqaddaḥā
nuqaddaḥ
tuqaddaḥū
yuqaddaḥū
f
tuqaddaḥī
tuqaddaḥ
tuqaddaḥā
tuqaddaḥna
yuqaddaḥna

Noun[edit]

قَدْح • (qadḥ) m

  1. verbal noun of قَدَحَ (qadaḥa) (form I)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun قَدْح (qadḥ)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قَدْح
qadḥ 		الْقَدْح
al-qadḥ 		قَدْح
qadḥ
Nominative قَدْحٌ
qadḥun 		الْقَدْحُ
al-qadḥu 		قَدْحُ
qadḥu
Accusative قَدْحًا
qadḥan 		الْقَدْحَ
al-qadḥa 		قَدْحَ
qadḥa
Genitive قَدْحٍ
qadḥin 		الْقَدْحِ
al-qadḥi 		قَدْحِ
qadḥi

Noun[edit]

قِدْح • (qidḥ) m (plural قِدَاح (qidāḥ) or أَقْدُح (ʔaqduḥ) or أَقْدَاح (ʔaqdāḥ) or أَقَادِيح (ʔaqādīḥ))

  1. arrow shaft
    Synonym: نَضِيّ (naḍiyy)
    • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 61:117:
      يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ، يُنْظَرُ إِلَى نَصْلِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى رِصَافِهِ فَمَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى نَضِيِّهِ ـ وَهُوَ قِدْحُهُ ـ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى قُذَذِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، قَدْ سَبَقَ الْفَرْثَ وَٱلدَّمَ.
      yaqraʔūna l-qurʔāna lā yujāwizu tarāqiya-hum, yamruqūna mina d-dīni kamā yamruqu s-sahmu mina r-ramiyyati, yunẓaru ʔilā naṣli-hī fa-lā yūjadu fī-hi šayʔun, ṯumma yunẓaru ʔilā riṣāfi-hī fa-mā yūjadu fī-hi šayʔun, ṯumma yunẓaru ʔilā naḍiyyi-hī - wa-huwa qidḥu-hū - fa-lā yūjadu fī-hi šayʔun, ṯumma yunẓaru ʔilā quḏaḏi-hī fa-lā yūjadu fī-hi šayʔun, qad sabaqa l-farṯa wa-d-dama.
      They recite the Qurʾān but it does not go beyond their clavicles and they will desert the creed as an arrow goes through a target’s body, so one would, on looking at the arrow’s blade, see nothing on it; then one would look at its sinew and see nothing, then one would look at its arrowshaft and see nothing, then one would look at its fletching and would see nothing, for the arrow, by its speed, has even obviated entrails and blood.
  2. (pars pro toto) arrow

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun قِدْح (qidḥ)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قِدْح
qidḥ 		الْقِدْح
al-qidḥ 		قِدْح
qidḥ
Nominative قِدْحٌ
qidḥun 		الْقِدْحُ
al-qidḥu 		قِدْحُ
qidḥu
Accusative قِدْحًا
qidḥan 		الْقِدْحَ
al-qidḥa 		قِدْحَ
qidḥa
Genitive قِدْحٍ
qidḥin 		الْقِدْحِ
al-qidḥi 		قِدْحِ
qidḥi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قِدْحَيْن
qidḥayn 		الْقِدْحَيْن
al-qidḥayn 		قِدْحَيْ
qidḥay
Nominative قِدْحَانِ
qidḥāni 		الْقِدْحَانِ
al-qidḥāni 		قِدْحَا
qidḥā
Accusative قِدْحَيْنِ
qidḥayni 		الْقِدْحَيْنِ
al-qidḥayni 		قِدْحَيْ
qidḥay
Genitive قِدْحَيْنِ
qidḥayni 		الْقِدْحَيْنِ
al-qidḥayni 		قِدْحَيْ
qidḥay
Plural basic broken plural triptote‎; basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قِدَاح‎; أَقْدُح‎; أَقْدَاح‎; أَقَادِيح
qidāḥ‎; ʔaqduḥ‎; ʔaqdāḥ‎; ʔaqādīḥ 		الْقِدَاح‎; الْأَقْدُح‎; الْأَقْدَاح‎; الْأَقَادِيح
al-qidāḥ‎; al-ʔaqduḥ‎; al-ʔaqdāḥ‎; al-ʔaqādīḥ 		قِدَاح‎; أَقْدُح‎; أَقْدَاح‎; أَقَادِيح
qidāḥ‎; ʔaqduḥ‎; ʔaqdāḥ‎; ʔaqādīḥ
Nominative قِدَاحٌ‎; أَقْدُحٌ‎; أَقْدَاحٌ‎; أَقَادِيحُ
qidāḥun‎; ʔaqduḥun‎; ʔaqdāḥun‎; ʔaqādīḥu 		الْقِدَاحُ‎; الْأَقْدُحُ‎; الْأَقْدَاحُ‎; الْأَقَادِيحُ
al-qidāḥu‎; al-ʔaqduḥu‎; al-ʔaqdāḥu‎; al-ʔaqādīḥu 		قِدَاحُ‎; أَقْدُحُ‎; أَقْدَاحُ‎; أَقَادِيحُ
qidāḥu‎; ʔaqduḥu‎; ʔaqdāḥu‎; ʔaqādīḥu
Accusative قِدَاحًا‎; أَقْدُحًا‎; أَقْدَاحًا‎; أَقَادِيحَ
qidāḥan‎; ʔaqduḥan‎; ʔaqdāḥan‎; ʔaqādīḥa 		الْقِدَاحَ‎; الْأَقْدُحَ‎; الْأَقْدَاحَ‎; الْأَقَادِيحَ
al-qidāḥa‎; al-ʔaqduḥa‎; al-ʔaqdāḥa‎; al-ʔaqādīḥa 		قِدَاحَ‎; أَقْدُحَ‎; أَقْدَاحَ‎; أَقَادِيحَ
qidāḥa‎; ʔaqduḥa‎; ʔaqdāḥa‎; ʔaqādīḥa
Genitive قِدَاحٍ‎; أَقْدُحٍ‎; أَقْدَاحٍ‎; أَقَادِيحَ
qidāḥin‎; ʔaqduḥin‎; ʔaqdāḥin‎; ʔaqādīḥa 		الْقِدَاحِ‎; الْأَقْدُحِ‎; الْأَقْدَاحِ‎; الْأَقَادِيحِ
al-qidāḥi‎; al-ʔaqduḥi‎; al-ʔaqdāḥi‎; al-ʔaqādīḥi 		قِدَاحِ‎; أَقْدُحِ‎; أَقْدَاحِ‎; أَقَادِيحِ
qidāḥi‎; ʔaqduḥi‎; ʔaqdāḥi‎; ʔaqādīḥi

Noun[edit]

قَدَح • (qadaḥ) m (plural أَقْدَاح (ʔaqdāḥ))

  1. a container for carrying or serving liquids that has a broad and often flat base and no spouts; a beaker, a tumbler; a mug; a pail, a bucket; a can
    حُلِبَتِ الْبَقَرَةُ فِي قَدَحَيْنِ.
    ḥulibati l-baqaratu fī qadaḥayni.
    The cow was milked into two pails.
    • 7th century CE, Jamīʿ at-Tirmiḏiyy, 14:17:
      رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَاعَ حِلْسًا وَقَدَحًا وَقَالَ ‏”مَنْ يَشْتَرِي هَذَا الْحِلْسَ وَالْقَدَحَ؟“‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ ”أَخَذْتُهُمَا بِدِرْهَمٍ‏“.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللّٰه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏”‏مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ“‏ فَأَعْطَاهُ رَجُلٌ دِرْهَمَيْنِ فَبَاعَهُمَا مِنْهُ.‏
      rasūlu llāhi ṣallā llāh ʕalayhi wasallama bāʕa ḥilsan waqadaḥan waqāla ”man yaštarī haḏā l-ḥilsa wālqadaḥa?“. faqāla rajulun ”ʔaḵaḏtuhumā bidirhamin“. faqāla n-nabiyyu ṣallā llāh ʕalayhi wasallama ”man yazīdu ʕalā dirhamin man yazīdu ʕalā dirhamin“ faʔaʕṭāhu rajulun dirhamayni fabāʕahumā minhu.
      The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sold a saddle blanket and a drinking bowl. He said: “Who will buy saddle blanket and drinking bowl ?”. So a man said: “I will take them for a dirham.” So the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Who will give more than a dirham? Who will give more than a dirham?” A man gave him two dirhams, so he sold them to him.
  2. (obsolete, Egypt, Sudan, until 1892) a dry measure, 32 قِيرَاط, 1⁄8 of a كَيْلَة, 1⁄96 of a إِرْدَبّ – 2.062 liters

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun قَدَح (qadaḥ)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قَدَح
qadaḥ 		الْقَدَح
al-qadaḥ 		قَدَح
qadaḥ
Nominative قَدَحٌ
qadaḥun 		الْقَدَحُ
al-qadaḥu 		قَدَحُ
qadaḥu
Accusative قَدَحًا
qadaḥan 		الْقَدَحَ
al-qadaḥa 		قَدَحَ
qadaḥa
Genitive قَدَحٍ
qadaḥin 		الْقَدَحِ
al-qadaḥi 		قَدَحِ
qadaḥi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قَدَحَيْن
qadaḥayn 		الْقَدَحَيْن
al-qadaḥayn 		قَدَحَيْ
qadaḥay
Nominative قَدَحَانِ
qadaḥāni 		الْقَدَحَانِ
al-qadaḥāni 		قَدَحَا
qadaḥā
Accusative قَدَحَيْنِ
qadaḥayni 		الْقَدَحَيْنِ
al-qadaḥayni 		قَدَحَيْ
qadaḥay
Genitive قَدَحَيْنِ
qadaḥayni 		الْقَدَحَيْنِ
al-qadaḥayni 		قَدَحَيْ
qadaḥay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَقْدَاح
ʔaqdāḥ 		الْأَقْدَاح
al-ʔaqdāḥ 		أَقْدَاح
ʔaqdāḥ
Nominative أَقْدَاحٌ
ʔaqdāḥun 		الْأَقْدَاحُ
al-ʔaqdāḥu 		أَقْدَاحُ
ʔaqdāḥu
Accusative أَقْدَاحًا
ʔaqdāḥan 		الْأَقْدَاحَ
al-ʔaqdāḥa 		أَقْدَاحَ
ʔaqdāḥa
Genitive أَقْدَاحٍ
ʔaqdāḥin 		الْأَقْدَاحِ
al-ʔaqdāḥi 		أَقْدَاحِ
ʔaqdāḥi

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • “qdḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Cardarelli, François (2003) Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures. Their SI Equivalences and Origins, London: Springer, →ISBN, page 129
  • Freytag, Georg (1835) “قدح”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 405
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “قدح”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 683–684
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قدح”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 1003–1004

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic قَدَح (qadaḥ).

Noun[edit]

قدح • (kadeh)

  1. cup

Descendants[edit]

Persian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic قَدَح (qadaḥ).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? qaḏah
Dari reading? qadah
Iranian reading? ğadah
Tajik reading? qadah

Noun[edit]

قَدَح • (qadah) (plural اَقداح (aqdâh))

  1. goblet; cup
    Synonyms: جام (jâm), پیاله (piyâle), کاسه (kâse)
    • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 7”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎[4]:
      در بزم دور، یک‌دو قدح درکش و برو
      یعنی طمع مدار وصال دوام را
      dar bazm-i dawr, yak-do qadah darkaš u biraw
      ya'ni tam' ma-dâr wisâl-i dawâm râ
      In the feast of time, enjoy just a cup or two and leave;
      That is, do not seek a union to last forever.
      (Classical Persian transliteration)

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic قَدْح (qadḥ).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? qaḏh
Dari reading? qadh
Iranian reading? ğadh
Tajik reading? qadh

Noun[edit]

قَدْح • (qadh)

  1. calumny; vilification

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

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Etymology[edit]

From Arabic قَدَح (qadaḥ).

Noun[edit]

قدح • (ʔadaḥ) m (plural قداح (ʔdāḥ))

  1. glass (for alcohol)
    Synonyms: كاس (kās), كاسة (kāse), كباية (kubbāye)
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