كبد

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See also: کبد

Arabic[edit]

Root
ك ب د (k-b-d)

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Semitic. Related to Akkadian 𒅗𒁀𒌈 (kabātum) and Ge'ez ክቡድ (kəbud).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

كَبَّدَ • (kabbada) II, non-past يُكَبِّدُ‎ (yukabbidu)

  1. to charge with, to incur
    • 2017 December 23, “ما الدول العشر ذات الديون الأقل في العالم؟!”, in The Baghdad Post‎[1]:
      ويعتبر تدني مستوى الدين العام في أي دولة من المؤشرات المهمة على جودة الوضع الاقتصادي، حيث إن الدين العام يُكبِّد الخزينة مبالغ مالية لخدمة الدين، كما أنه يُقاس عادة بالنسبة إلى الناتج المحلي الإجمالي للدولة.
      The lowering of the level of public debt is considered an important indicator of the quality of the economic situation in any state, as the public debt incurs the treasury to service debt, and it is usually measured in relation to the Gross Domestic Product of the state.
  2. to place a weight or burden on
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
كَبَّدَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
takbīd
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
mukabbid
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mukabbad
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
kabbadtu
kabbadta
كَبَّدَ

kabbada
kabbadtumā
kabbadā
kabbadnā
kabbadtum
kabbadū
f
kabbadti
kabbadat
kabbadatā
kabbadtunna
kabbadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔukabbidu
tukabbidu
yukabbidu
tukabbidāni
yukabbidāni
nukabbidu
tukabbidūna
yukabbidūna
f
tukabbidīna
tukabbidu
tukabbidāni
tukabbidna
yukabbidna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔukabbida
tukabbida
yukabbida
tukabbidā
yukabbidā
nukabbida
tukabbidū
yukabbidū
f
tukabbidī
tukabbida
tukabbidā
tukabbidna
yukabbidna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔukabbid
tukabbid
yukabbid
tukabbidā
yukabbidā
nukabbid
tukabbidū
yukabbidū
f
tukabbidī
tukabbid
tukabbidā
tukabbidna
yukabbidna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
كَبِّدْ

kabbid
kabbidā
kabbidū
f
kabbidī
kabbidna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
kubbidtu
kubbidta
كُبِّدَ

kubbida
kubbidtumā
kubbidā
kubbidnā
kubbidtum
kubbidū
f
kubbidti
kubbidat
kubbidatā
kubbidtunna
kubbidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔukabbadu
tukabbadu
yukabbadu
tukabbadāni
yukabbadāni
nukabbadu
tukabbadūna
yukabbadūna
f
tukabbadīna
tukabbadu
tukabbadāni
tukabbadna
yukabbadna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔukabbada
tukabbada
yukabbada
tukabbadā
yukabbadā
nukabbada
tukabbadū
yukabbadū
f
tukabbadī
tukabbada
tukabbadā
tukabbadna
yukabbadna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔukabbad
tukabbad
yukabbad
tukabbadā
yukabbadā
nukabbad
tukabbadū
yukabbadū
f
tukabbadī
tukabbad
tukabbadā
tukabbadna
yukabbadna

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Semitic *kabid- (“liver”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew כָּבֵד (kɔḇeḏ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

كَبِد or كِبْد • (kabid or kibd) m

  1. liver (“organ”)
  2. the belly cavity, including all viscera
  3. side, flank
  4. centre point, middle, heart
  5. the middle, the heart, the best part of a thing
  6. the part of the bow where it is held with the hand while drawing
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun كَبِد (kabid)‎; كِبْد (kibd)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كَبِد‎; كِبْد
kabid‎; kibd 		الْكَبِد‎; الْكِبْد
al-kabid‎; al-kibd 		كَبِد‎; كِبْد
kabid‎; kibd
Nominative كَبِدٌ‎; كِبْدٌ
kabidun‎; kibdun 		الْكَبِدُ‎; الْكِبْدُ
al-kabidu‎; al-kibdu 		كَبِدُ‎; كِبْدُ
kabidu‎; kibdu
Accusative كَبِدًا‎; كِبْدًا
kabidan‎; kibdan 		الْكَبِدَ‎; الْكِبْدَ
al-kabida‎; al-kibda 		كَبِدَ‎; كِبْدَ
kabida‎; kibda
Genitive كَبِدٍ‎; كِبْدٍ
kabidin‎; kibdin 		الْكَبِدِ‎; الْكِبْدِ
al-kabidi‎; al-kibdi 		كَبِدِ‎; كِبْدِ
kabidi‎; kibdi

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic كَبِد (kabid, “liver”).

Noun[edit]

كبد • (kebid) (plural كبود or اكباد)

  1. liver, a large organ in the body that stores and metabolizes nutrients
    Synonym: قره جگر (kara ciğer)
  2. (anatomy) the whole pectoral and abdominal cavity
  3. the middle or main body of anything
  4. the middle part of an archery bow

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كبد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1008
  • Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Hepar”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎[3], Vienna, column 690
  • Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كبد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎[4], Vienna, columns 3861–3862
  • Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كبد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1523

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ك ب د
1 term

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic كِبْد (kibd).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /kibd/, [ˈkɪ.b(ɪ)d]
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Noun[edit]

كبد • (kibd) m

  1. liver (organ)

See also[edit]

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