ورس

See also: ورش

Arabic

ورس

Etymology

Cognate to Classical Syriac ܘܐܪܫܐ (wʾršʾ), ܘܪܘܫ (wrwš), ܘܪܝܫܐ (wryšʾ), ܘܪܫܐ (wršʾ), which shows by its initial /w/, as this in inherited Northwest Semitic words becomes /j/, that it is a foreign word. The varying vocalization of the Arabic may indicate an Iranian borrowing akin to Persian وش (vaš, “flax or boll thereof; uncleaned cotton; a kind of rich satin or other textile”), Old Armenian վուշ (vuš, “flax; tows thereof”), as /a/ regularly switches to /u/ after initial labial during the transition from Middle Persian to Persian in most of its regiolects.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wars/, /wa.ras/, /wurs/, /wu.rus/

Noun

وَرْس or وَرَس or وُرْس or وُرُس • (wars or waras or wurs or wurus) m

1. Flemingia macrophylla syns. Flemingia rhodocarpa, Flemingia grahamiana, a perennial shrub native to Yemen cultivated because the red glands of it secrete a yellow powder used as a pigment and medicinally, but also for a red pigment from the ground hairs of the red fruits, as well as for medicinal purposes

   Synonym: غُمْرَة (ḡumra)

   • 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʕaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʕulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 169 line 12–170 line 2:

     الَوْرْس يجلب من اليمن أحمر قانٍ يوجد على قشور شجر ينحت منها ويجمع وهو شبيه بالزعفران المسحوق

     Wars is imported from Yemen, blood-red, produces a tree-rind hewn out and collected and it is similar to brayed saffron.

     commented in Seidel, Ernst (1915) “Die Medizin im Kitâb Mafâtîḥ al ʿUlûm”, in Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Sozietät zu Erlangen‎^[1] (in German), volume 47, page 37 Anm. 89

Declension

Declension of noun وَرْس (wars)‎; وَرَس (waras)‎; وُرْس (wurs)‎; وُرُس (wurus)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	وَرْس‎; وَرَس‎; وُرْس‎; وُرُس wars‎; waras‎; wurs‎; wurus	الْوَرْس‎; الْوَرَس‎; الْوُرْس‎; الْوُرُس al-wars‎; al-waras‎; al-wurs‎; al-wurus	وَرْس‎; وَرَس‎; وُرْس‎; وُرُس wars‎; waras‎; wurs‎; wurus
Nominative	وَرْسٌ‎; وَرَسٌ‎; وُرْسٌ‎; وُرُسٌ warsun‎; warasun‎; wursun‎; wurusun	الْوَرْسُ‎; الْوَرَسُ‎; الْوُرْسُ‎; الْوُرُسُ al-warsu‎; al-warasu‎; al-wursu‎; al-wurusu	وَرْسُ‎; وَرَسُ‎; وُرْسُ‎; وُرُسُ warsu‎; warasu‎; wursu‎; wurusu
Accusative	وَرْسًا‎; وَرَسًا‎; وُرْسًا‎; وُرُسًا warsan‎; warasan‎; wursan‎; wurusan	الْوَرْسَ‎; الْوَرَسَ‎; الْوُرْسَ‎; الْوُرُسَ al-warsa‎; al-warasa‎; al-wursa‎; al-wurusa	وَرْسَ‎; وَرَسَ‎; وُرْسَ‎; وُرُسَ warsa‎; warasa‎; wursa‎; wurusa
Genitive	وَرْسٍ‎; وَرَسٍ‎; وُرْسٍ‎; وُرُسٍ warsin‎; warasin‎; wursin‎; wurusin	الْوَرْسِ‎; الْوَرَسِ‎; الْوُرْسِ‎; الْوُرُسِ al-warsi‎; al-warasi‎; al-wursi‎; al-wurusi	وَرْسِ‎; وَرَسِ‎; وُرْسِ‎; وُرُسِ warsi‎; warasi‎; wursi‎; wurusi

Verb

وَرَّسَ • (warrasa) II, non-past يُوَرِّسُ‎ (yuwarrisu)

1. to dye with Flemingia macrophylla

Conjugation

Conjugation of

وَرَّسَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَوْرِيس tawrīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُوَرِّس muwarris
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُوَرَّس muwarras
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	وَرَّسْتُ warrastu	وَرَّسْتَ warrasta	وَرَّسَ warrasa		وَرَّسْتُمَا warrastumā	وَرَّسَا warrasā		وَرَّسْنَا warrasnā	وَرَّسْتُمْ warrastum	وَرَّسُوا warrasū
	f		وَرَّسْتِ warrasti	وَرَّسَتْ warrasat			وَرَّسَتَا warrasatā			وَرَّسْتُنَّ warrastunna	وَرَّسْنَ warrasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُوَرِّسُ ʔuwarrisu	تُوَرِّسُ tuwarrisu	يُوَرِّسُ yuwarrisu		تُوَرِّسَانِ tuwarrisāni	يُوَرِّسَانِ yuwarrisāni		نُوَرِّسُ nuwarrisu	تُوَرِّسُونَ tuwarrisūna	يُوَرِّسُونَ yuwarrisūna
	f		تُوَرِّسِينَ tuwarrisīna	تُوَرِّسُ tuwarrisu			تُوَرِّسَانِ tuwarrisāni			تُوَرِّسْنَ tuwarrisna	يُوَرِّسْنَ yuwarrisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُوَرِّسَ ʔuwarrisa	تُوَرِّسَ tuwarrisa	يُوَرِّسَ yuwarrisa		تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā	يُوَرِّسَا yuwarrisā		نُوَرِّسَ nuwarrisa	تُوَرِّسُوا tuwarrisū	يُوَرِّسُوا yuwarrisū
	f		تُوَرِّسِي tuwarrisī	تُوَرِّسَ tuwarrisa			تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā			تُوَرِّسْنَ tuwarrisna	يُوَرِّسْنَ yuwarrisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُوَرِّسْ ʔuwarris	تُوَرِّسْ tuwarris	يُوَرِّسْ yuwarris		تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā	يُوَرِّسَا yuwarrisā		نُوَرِّسْ nuwarris	تُوَرِّسُوا tuwarrisū	يُوَرِّسُوا yuwarrisū
	f		تُوَرِّسِي tuwarrisī	تُوَرِّسْ tuwarris			تُوَرِّسَا tuwarrisā			تُوَرِّسْنَ tuwarrisna	يُوَرِّسْنَ yuwarrisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		وَرِّسْ warris			وَرِّسَا warrisā				وَرِّسُوا warrisū
	f		وَرِّسِي warrisī							وَرِّسْنَ warrisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	وُرِّسْتُ wurristu	وُرِّسْتَ wurrista	وُرِّسَ wurrisa		وُرِّسْتُمَا wurristumā	وُرِّسَا wurrisā		وُرِّسْنَا wurrisnā	وُرِّسْتُمْ wurristum	وُرِّسُوا wurrisū
	f		وُرِّسْتِ wurristi	وُرِّسَتْ wurrisat			وُرِّسَتَا wurrisatā			وُرِّسْتُنَّ wurristunna	وُرِّسْنَ wurrisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُوَرَّسُ ʔuwarrasu	تُوَرَّسُ tuwarrasu	يُوَرَّسُ yuwarrasu		تُوَرَّسَانِ tuwarrasāni	يُوَرَّسَانِ yuwarrasāni		نُوَرَّسُ nuwarrasu	تُوَرَّسُونَ tuwarrasūna	يُوَرَّسُونَ yuwarrasūna
	f		تُوَرَّسِينَ tuwarrasīna	تُوَرَّسُ tuwarrasu			تُوَرَّسَانِ tuwarrasāni			تُوَرَّسْنَ tuwarrasna	يُوَرَّسْنَ yuwarrasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُوَرَّسَ ʔuwarrasa	تُوَرَّسَ tuwarrasa	يُوَرَّسَ yuwarrasa		تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā	يُوَرَّسَا yuwarrasā		نُوَرَّسَ nuwarrasa	تُوَرَّسُوا tuwarrasū	يُوَرَّسُوا yuwarrasū
	f		تُوَرَّسِي tuwarrasī	تُوَرَّسَ tuwarrasa			تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā			تُوَرَّسْنَ tuwarrasna	يُوَرَّسْنَ yuwarrasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُوَرَّسْ ʔuwarras	تُوَرَّسْ tuwarras	يُوَرَّسْ yuwarras		تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā	يُوَرَّسَا yuwarrasā		نُوَرَّسْ nuwarras	تُوَرَّسُوا tuwarrasū	يُوَرَّسُوا yuwarrasū
	f		تُوَرَّسِي tuwarrasī	تُوَرَّسْ tuwarras			تُوَرَّسَا tuwarrasā			تُوَرَّسْنَ tuwarrasna	يُوَرَّسْنَ yuwarrasna

Derived terms

• وَرِيس (warīs, “garment dyed with wars”)
• وَرَّسَ (warrasa, “to dye with wars”)
• أَوْرَسَ (ʔawrasa, “to put forth wars”)

Descendants

• → Harari: ወርሲ (wärsi)
• → Somali: waris

References

• “wrwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 186
• Freytag, Georg (1837) “ورس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 455b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ورس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1519b
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ورس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2936b–2937a
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[5] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 26–27
• Schönig, Hanne (2002) Schminken, Düfte und Räucherwerk der Jemenitinnen: Lexikon der Substanzen, Utensilien und Techniken (Beiruter Texte und Studien; 91)‎^[6], Würzburg: Ergon-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 297–308