گروه

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (glwh’ /⁠grōh⁠/, “group, crowd”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to twist, wind (into a mass)”) and cognate with گره (gereh, “knot, tie”), as well as Sanskrit ग्रन्थ् (granth, “to tie, string together”) and English group.

Pronunciation

• Audio

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• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡu.ɾoːh]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊ.ɾoːʱ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊ.ɾoːʱ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊ.ɾoː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡu.ɾʊː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥o.ɹuːʱ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡu.ɾɵʰ]

Readings
Classical reading?	gurōh
Dari reading?	gurōh
Iranian reading?	goruh
Tajik reading?	gurüh

Noun

Dari	گروه
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гурӯҳ

گروه • (goruh) (plural گروه‌ها (goruh-hâ) or گروهان (goruhân))

1. group (of countries, people, etc.)

   گروه ۱+۵ ― goruh-e panj be alâve-ye yek ― P5+1

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2752:

     ما نه زان پیلان گولیم ای گروه / که اضطراب ماه آردمان شکوه

     mā na z-ān pīlān-i gōl-ēm ay gurōh / ki iztirāb-i māh āradmān šikōh (Classical reading)

     O company [of prophets], we are not [to be reckoned] among those stupid elephants who are terrified by the disturbance of the Moon.

Derived terms

• گروهی (goruhi)

Descendants

• → Gujarati: ગિરોહ (giroh)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: गिरोह (giroh)

  Urdu: گروہ (giroh)

• → Ottoman Turkish: كروه
  • Turkish: güruh
• → Pashto: ګروه (groh)
• → Sindhi: گروهه (giroha)