ܟܦܪ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܟ ܦ ܪ (k p r)
1 term

The second sense comes from the association of apostatizing and disbelieving in a religion with cursing and reviling; compare Classical Syriac ܟܦܲܪ (kəp̄ar), Arabic كَفَرَ (kafara), and Hebrew כָּפַר (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [kaːpɪr]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [kaːpɪr]
• (Urmian) IPA^(key): [kaːpɪr]

Verb

ܟܵܦܹܪ • (kāpēr) (present participle ܟܦܵܪܵܐ (kpārā), past participle ܟܦܝܼܪܵܐ (kpīrā))

1. (archaic, formal) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize [+ ܒ- (object)]
2. to curse, revile, blaspheme (usually in regards to religion) [+ ܒ- (object)]

Inflection

Conjugation of ܟܵܦܹܪ (kāpēr)

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܝܼ (kpīr lī)	ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (kpīr lūḵ)	ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܹܗ (kpīr lēh)	ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܲܢ (kpīr lan)	ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kpīr lāwḵōn)	ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܗܘܿܢ (kpīr lhōn)
	f		ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (kpīr lāḵ)	ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܗ̇ (kpīr lāh)
non-past	m	ܟܵܦܪܹܢ (kāprēn)	ܟܵܦܪܹܬ (kāprēt)	ܟܵܦܹܪ (kāpēr)	ܟܵܦܪܲܚ (kāpraḥ)	ܟܵܦܪܝܼܬܘܿܢ (kāprītōn)	ܟܵܦܪܝܼ (kāprī)
	f	ܟܵܦܪܵܢ (kāprān)	ܟܵܦܪܵܬܝ (kāprāt)	ܟܵܦܪܵܐ (kāprā)
imperative	m		ܟܦܘܿܪ (kpōr)			ܟܦܘܿܪܘܼܢ (kpōrūn)
	f		ܟܦܘܿܪܝ (kpōr)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [kəpar.]

Noun

ܟܦܲܪ • (kpar) m sg (plural ܟܲܦܪ̈ܲܝ (kapray))

1. singular construct state of ܟܲܦܪܵܐ (kaprā, “hamlet”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܟ-ܦ-ܪ (k-p-r) related to denying; compare Arabic كَفَرَ (kafara), Hebrew כָּפַר (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈk(ə.)far]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkpar]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkfɑr]

Verb

ܟܦܪ • (kəp̄ar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܘܪ (neḵpor)) (peal construction)

1. to wipe, wipe clean, scour
2. (usually with ܒ-) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize
   • Peshitta, Matthew 10:22:

     ܡܢ ܕܝܢ ܕܢܟܦܘܪ ܒܝ ܩܕܡ ܒܢܝ̈ܢܫܐ. ܐܟܦܘܪ ܒܗ ܐܦ ܐܢܐ ܩܕܡ ܐܒܝ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ.

     man dên də-neḵpor bī qəḏām bənaynāšā, ʾeḵpor bēh ʾāp̄ ʾĕnā qəḏām ʾāḇ[y] də-ḇa-šəmayyā.

     But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven.

3. (with ܡܢ) to repel
4. (with ܛܝܒܘܬܐ) to be ungrateful

Etymology 2

Intensitive form of the above

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈkap.par]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkap.par]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [kɑˈfɑr]

Verb

ܟܦܪ • (kappar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܪ (nəḵappar)) (pael construction)

1. to scour, wipe dry, rub dry (hands etc.)
2. to wipe away (tears etc.)
3. (figuratively) to disperse, clear out, blot out; cleanse, purify
4. to consume; destroy, obliterate
5. to remove
6. to compel, apostatise/apostatize, force to deny
7. to browse

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈk(ə.)far]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkpar]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkfɑr]

Noun

ܟܦܪ • (kəp̄ar)

1. absolute singular of ܟܦܪܐ (kap̄rā, “hamlet”)
2. construct state singular of ܟܦܪܐ (kap̄rā, “hamlet”)

References

• “kpr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-21
• Audo, Toma (1897) ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ [Treasure of the Syriac Language] (in Classical Syriac), Mosul: Imprimerie des Pères Dominicains, pages 477b-478b
• Brock, Sebastian P. & Kiraz, George A. (2015) Gorgias Concise Syriac-English, English-Syriac Dictionary, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press: ܟܦܪ [from sedra.bethmardutho.org, accessed on Jun. 20, 2021]
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 160b-161a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 223a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 644a-b