ज्या

See also: ज्यौ, जय, and जाया

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জ্যা (Assamese script)
• ᬚ᭄ᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
• জ্যা (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰿𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑁆𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ဇျာ (Burmese script)
• જ્યા (Gujarati script)
• ਜ੍ਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑍍𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦾꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂹𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಜ್ಯಾ (Kannada script)
• ជ្យា (Khmer script)
• ຊ຺ຍາ (Lao script)
• ജ്യാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘿𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠶ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧠𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଜ୍ଯା (Odia script)
• ꢙ꣄ꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑇀𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖿𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ජ්‍යා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣 𑪙𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚶𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
• ஜ்யா (Tamil script)
• జ్యా (Telugu script)
• ชฺยา (Thai script)
• ཛྱཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑓂𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑩇𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰyáH, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷyéH (“bow-string, string”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁 (jiiā), Persian زه (zeh), Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bow-string, tendon”), Middle Welsh gieu (“tendon”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑi.jɑ́ː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɑː/

Noun

ज्या • (jyā́) stem, f (metrical Vedic jiyā́)

1. a bowstring
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.75.3:

     योषेव शिङ्क्ते वितताधि धन्वञ्ज्या इयं समने पारयन्ती ॥

     yoṣeva śiṅkte vitatādhi dhanvañjyā iyaṃ samane pārayantī.

     Strained on the Bow, She whispers like a woman-this Bowstring that preserves us in the combat.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.1.11:

     प्रमुञ्च॒ धन्व॑न॒स्त्वमु॒भयो॒रार्त्नि॑यो॒र्ज्याम् ।
     याश्च॑ ते॒ हस्त॒ इष॑वः॒ परा॒ ता भ॑गवो वप ॥

     prámúñca dhánvanastvámubháyorā́rtniyorjyā́m.
     yā́śca te hásta íṣavaḥ párā tā́ bhagavo vapa.

     Unfasten the bowstring from the two notches of thy bow,
     And cast thou down the arrows in thy hand.

2. (trigonometry) sine

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of ज्या (jyā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ज्याः jyā́ḥ	ज्यौ / ज्या¹ jyaú / jyā́¹	ज्याः jyā́ḥ
Vocative	ज्याः jyā́ḥ	ज्यौ / ज्या¹ jyaú / jyā́¹	ज्याः jyā́ḥ
Accusative	ज्याम् jyā́m	ज्यौ / ज्या¹ jyaú / jyā́¹	ज्याः / ज्यः² jyā́ḥ / jyáḥ²
Instrumental	ज्या jyā́	ज्याभ्याम् jyā́bhyām	ज्याभिः jyā́bhiḥ
Dative	ज्ये jyé	ज्याभ्याम् jyā́bhyām	ज्याभ्यः jyā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	ज्यः jyáḥ	ज्याभ्याम् jyā́bhyām	ज्याभ्यः jyā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	ज्यः jyáḥ	ज्योः jyóḥ	ज्यानाम् / ज्याम्² jyā́nām / jyā́m²
Locative	ज्यि jyí	ज्योः jyóḥ	ज्यासु jyā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: ǰi
• Pali: jiyā

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ज्या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0427.