तप

See also: तपु, तोप, and ताप

Hindi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /t̪əp/, [t̪ɐp]

Noun

तप • (tap) m

1. devout austerity; asceticism

   Synonym: तपस्या (tapasyā)

Verb

तप • (tap)

1. inflection of तपना (tapnā):
   1. stem
   2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “तप”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “तप”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “तप”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “तप”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “तप”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Khaling

Noun

तप (tap)

1. section (in a series of events), part, volume (of a book)

References

• “तप”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्‍ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.

Sanskrit

Etymology

तप् (tap, “to give out heat, be hot, shine”) +‎ -अ (-a).

Adjective

तप • (tapa) stem (root तप्)

1. (at the end of a compound) "consuming by heat"
2. (at the end of a compound) "causing pain or trouble, distressing"
3. (at the end of a compound) tormented by

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तप (tapa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तपः tapaḥ	तपौ / तपा¹ tapau / tapā¹	तपाः / तपासः¹ tapāḥ / tapāsaḥ¹
Vocative	तप tapa	तपौ / तपा¹ tapau / tapā¹	तपाः / तपासः¹ tapāḥ / tapāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तपम् tapam	तपौ / तपा¹ tapau / tapā¹	तपान् tapān
Instrumental	तपेन tapena	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपैः / तपेभिः¹ tapaiḥ / tapebhiḥ¹
Dative	तपाय tapāya	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपेभ्यः tapebhyaḥ
Ablative	तपात् tapāt	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपेभ्यः tapebhyaḥ
Genitive	तपस्य tapasya	तपयोः tapayoḥ	तपानाम् tapānām
Locative	तपे tape	तपयोः tapayoḥ	तपेषु tapeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of तपा (tapā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तपा tapā	तपे tape	तपाः tapāḥ
Vocative	तपे tape	तपे tape	तपाः tapāḥ
Accusative	तपाम् tapām	तपे tape	तपाः tapāḥ
Instrumental	तपया / तपा¹ tapayā / tapā¹	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपाभिः tapābhiḥ
Dative	तपायै tapāyai	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपाभ्यः tapābhyaḥ
Ablative	तपायाः / तपायै² tapāyāḥ / tapāyai²	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपाभ्यः tapābhyaḥ
Genitive	तपायाः / तपायै² tapāyāḥ / tapāyai²	तपयोः tapayoḥ	तपानाम् tapānām
Locative	तपायाम् tapāyām	तपयोः tapayoḥ	तपासु tapāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of तप (tapa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तपम् tapam	तपे tape	तपानि / तपा¹ tapāni / tapā¹
Vocative	तप tapa	तपे tape	तपानि / तपा¹ tapāni / tapā¹
Accusative	तपम् tapam	तपे tape	तपानि / तपा¹ tapāni / tapā¹
Instrumental	तपेन tapena	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपैः / तपेभिः¹ tapaiḥ / tapebhiḥ¹
Dative	तपाय tapāya	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपेभ्यः tapebhyaḥ
Ablative	तपात् tapāt	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपेभ्यः tapebhyaḥ
Genitive	तपस्य tapasya	तपयोः tapayoḥ	तपानाम् tapānām
Locative	तपे tape	तपयोः tapayoḥ	तपेषु tapeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

तप • (tapa) stem, m (root तप्)

1. heat, warmth
2. the hot season
3. sun
4. Alternative form of तपस् (tapas), religious austerity (compare महातप (mahā-tapa) and सुतप (su-tapa))
5. a peculiar form of fire (which is generated the seven mothers of Skanda)
6. Indra
7. name of an attendant of Shiva

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तप (tapa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तपः tapaḥ	तपौ / तपा¹ tapau / tapā¹	तपाः / तपासः¹ tapāḥ / tapāsaḥ¹
Vocative	तप tapa	तपौ / तपा¹ tapau / tapā¹	तपाः / तपासः¹ tapāḥ / tapāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तपम् tapam	तपौ / तपा¹ tapau / tapā¹	तपान् tapān
Instrumental	तपेन tapena	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपैः / तपेभिः¹ tapaiḥ / tapebhiḥ¹
Dative	तपाय tapāya	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपेभ्यः tapebhyaḥ
Ablative	तपात् tapāt	तपाभ्याम् tapābhyām	तपेभ्यः tapebhyaḥ
Genitive	तपस्य tapasya	तपयोः tapayoḥ	तपानाम् tapānām
Locative	तपे tape	तपयोः tapayoḥ	तपेषु tapeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “तप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0436.