तृण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa). Doublet of तिनका (tinkā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /t̪ɾɪɳ/, [t̪ɾɪ̃ɳ]

Noun

तृण • (tŕṇ) m

1. grass; blade of grass
   • 1936, Premchand, Godaan :

     विपन्नता के इस अथाह सागर में सोहाग ही वह तृण था, जिसे पकड़े हुए वह सागर को पार कर रही थी।

     vipannatā ke is athāh sāgar mẽ sohāg hī vah tŕṇ thā, jise pakṛe hue vah sāgar ko pār kar rahī thī.

     In the botomless sea of poverty, her married life was that blade of grass that she held on to while crossing over that sea.

2. straw

   Synonym: तिनका (tinkā)

Declension

Declension of तृण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तृण tŕṇ	तृण tŕṇ
oblique	तृण tŕṇ	तृणों tŕṇõ
vocative	तृण tŕṇ	तृणो tŕṇo

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 16 March 2021

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• তৃণ (Assamese script)
• ᬢᬺᬡ (Balinese script)
• তৃণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰝𑰴𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀢𑀾𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• တၖဏ (Burmese script)
• તૃણ (Gujarati script)
• ਤ੍ਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌤𑍃𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦠꦽꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂞𑃂𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ತೃಣ (Kannada script)
• ត្ឫណ (Khmer script)
• ຕ຺ຣິຓ (Lao script)
• തൃണ (Malayalam script)
• ᢠᡵᡳᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘝𑘵𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢐᠷᠢᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦽𑧖𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐟𑐺𑐞 (Newa script)
• ତୃଣ (Odia script)
• ꢡꢺꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆠𑆸𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖝𑖴𑖜 (Siddham script)
• තෘණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩫𑩙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙𑚘 (Takri script)
• த்ரிண (Tamil script)
• తృణ (Telugu script)
• ตฺฤณ (Thai script)
• ཏྲྀ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒞𑒵𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨙𑨼𑨉𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tŕ̥nam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tŕ̥nam, from Proto-Indo-European *tŕ̥nom. Cognate with Kamkata-viri taňí, taí (“thorn”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus), Old Norse þorn, Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Old English þorn (whence English thorn).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /tŕ̩.ɳɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪r̩.ɳɐ/

Noun

तृण • (tṛ́ṇa) stem, n

1. grass, herb, any gramineous plant, blade of grass, straw (often symbolic of minuteness and worthlessness)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.161.11:

     उद्वत्स्वस्मा अकृणोतना तृणं निवत्स्वपः स्वपस्यया नरः ।
     अगोह्यस्य यदसस्तना गृहे तदद्येदमृभवो नानु गच्छथ ॥

     udvatsvasmā akṛṇotanā tṛṇaṃ nivatsvapaḥ svapasyayā naraḥ.
     agohyasya yadasastanā gṛhe tadadyedamṛbhavo nānu gacchatha.

     On the high places ye have made the grass for man, and water in the valleys, by your skill, O Men.
     Ṛbhus, ye iterate not to-day that act of yours, your sleeping in the house of him whom naught can hide.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of तृण (tṛ́ṇa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तृणम् tṛ́ṇam	तृणे tṛ́ṇe	तृणानि / तृणा¹ tṛ́ṇāni / tṛ́ṇā¹
Vocative	तृण tṛ́ṇa	तृणे tṛ́ṇe	तृणानि / तृणा¹ tṛ́ṇāni / tṛ́ṇā¹
Accusative	तृणम् tṛ́ṇam	तृणे tṛ́ṇe	तृणानि / तृणा¹ tṛ́ṇāni / tṛ́ṇā¹
Instrumental	तृणेन tṛ́ṇena	तृणाभ्याम् tṛ́ṇābhyām	तृणैः / तृणेभिः¹ tṛ́ṇaiḥ / tṛ́ṇebhiḥ¹
Dative	तृणाय tṛ́ṇāya	तृणाभ्याम् tṛ́ṇābhyām	तृणेभ्यः tṛ́ṇebhyaḥ
Ablative	तृणात् tṛ́ṇāt	तृणाभ्याम् tṛ́ṇābhyām	तृणेभ्यः tṛ́ṇebhyaḥ
Genitive	तृणस्य tṛ́ṇasya	तृणयोः tṛ́ṇayoḥ	तृणानाम् tṛ́ṇānām
Locative	तृणे tṛ́ṇe	तृणयोः tṛ́ṇayoḥ	तृणेषु tṛ́ṇeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Borrowed terms

• → Hindi: तृण (tŕṇ)
• → Bengali: তৃণ (trin)
• → Telugu: తృణము (tr̥ṇamu)
• → Malayalam: തൃണം (tr̥ṇaṁ)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • ⇒ Kashmiri: ٹنکا (tinka)
  • Northwest Pashayi: ٹرین (trīn)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ތިނަ (tina)
  • Sinhalese: තණ (taṇa)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)
  • ⇒ Bengali: তিনকা (tinoka, “morsel”)
  • ⇒ Bihari: तिनका (tinkā, “piece of leaf fiber”)
    • Maithili: तनिक (tanik)
  • Odia: ଟିଣା (ṭiṇa)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)
  • Konkani: तण (taṇ)
  • Marathi: तण (taṇ)
• Pali: tiṇa
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)
  • ⇒ Garhwali: तिण्कु (tiṇku)
  • Gujarati: તરણ (taraṇ), ત્રણું (traṇũ)
  • ⇒ Hindi: तिनका (tinkā)
  • Kumaoni: तिण (tiṇ)
  • ⇒ Nepali: तेन्द्रो (tendro), त्यान्द्रो (tyāndro)
  • Punjabi: ਤਿਣ (tiṇ), ਤਿਣਾ (tiṇā, “piece of leaf”)
  • Romani: ćar

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “तृण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 453.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tŕ̊ṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press