धारा

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Hindi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪ʱɑː.ɾɑː/, [d̪ʱäː.ɾäː]

Noun[edit]

धारा • (dhārā) f

  1. stream, current, flow
    Synonym: प्रवाह (pravāh)
    विद्युत धारा ― vidyut dhārā ― electrical current
  2. waterfall
    धारा में नहाने में बहुत मज़ा आता है।
    dhārā mẽ nahāne mẽ bahut mazā ātā hai.
    It is very fun to bathe in a waterfall.
  3. (law) section

Declension[edit]

Declension of धारा (fem ā-stem)
singular plural
direct धारा
dhārā 		धाराएँ
dhārāẽ
oblique धारा
dhārā 		धाराओं
dhārāõ
vocative धारा
dhārā 		धाराओ
dhārāo

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Pali[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Alternative forms

Noun[edit]

धारा f

  1. Devanagari script form of dhārā (“torrent”)
  2. Devanagari script form of dhārā (“edge of a weapon”)

Declension[edit]

Declension table of "धारा" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)धारा (dhārā)धारायो (dhārāyo) or धारा (dhārā)
Accusative (second)धारं (dhāraṃ)धारायो (dhārāyo) or धारा (dhārā)
Instrumental (third)धाराय (dhārāya)धाराहि (dhārāhi) or धाराभि (dhārābhi)
Dative (fourth)धाराय (dhārāya)धारानं (dhārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)धाराय (dhārāya)धाराहि (dhārāhi) or धाराभि (dhārābhi)
Genitive (sixth)धाराय (dhārāya)धारानं (dhārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)धाराय (dhārāya) or धारायं (dhārāyaṃ)धारासु (dhārāsu)
Vocative (calling)धारे (dhāre)धारायो (dhārāyo) or धारा (dhārā)

Sanskrit[edit]

Alternative scripts[edit]

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰā́raH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰā́raH, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁 (dārā), Old English daru (whence English dere). Compare also English dart, ultimately from Frankish *darōþu.

An alternative theory espoused by Lubotsky and Mayrhofer derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰṇh₂-reh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion, flow”) and thus cognate to धन् (dhan, “to move, run”).[1][2]

Possibly related to Persian درد (dord, “dregs”).[3]

Noun[edit]

धारा • (dhā́rā) stem, f [4][5]

  1. stream or current of water
  2. flood, gush, jet, drop (of any liquid), shower, rain (also figuratively of arrows, flowers, etc.)
  3. current, torrent
  4. a leak or hole in a pitcher etc.
  5. the pace of horse
  6. uniformity, sameness (as of flowing water)
  7. custom, usage
  8. continuous line or series
  9. (figuratively) family line
Declension[edit]
Feminine ā-stem declension of धारा (dhā́rā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative धारा
dhā́rā 		धारे
dhā́re 		धाराः
dhā́rāḥ
Vocative धारे
dhā́re 		धारे
dhā́re 		धाराः
dhā́rāḥ
Accusative धाराम्
dhā́rām 		धारे
dhā́re 		धाराः
dhā́rāḥ
Instrumental धारया / धारा¹
dhā́rayā / dhā́rā¹ 		धाराभ्याम्
dhā́rābhyām 		धाराभिः
dhā́rābhiḥ
Dative धारायै
dhā́rāyai 		धाराभ्याम्
dhā́rābhyām 		धाराभ्यः
dhā́rābhyaḥ
Ablative धारायाः / धारायै²
dhā́rāyāḥ / dhā́rāyai² 		धाराभ्याम्
dhā́rābhyām 		धाराभ्यः
dhā́rābhyaḥ
Genitive धारायाः / धारायै²
dhā́rāyāḥ / dhā́rāyai² 		धारयोः
dhā́rayoḥ 		धाराणाम्
dhā́rāṇām
Locative धारायाम्
dhā́rāyām 		धारयोः
dhā́rayoḥ 		धारासु
dhā́rāsu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Borrowed terms[edit]
  • → Hindi: धारा (dhārā)
Descendants[edit]
  • Dardic:
    • Dameli: [script needed] (dār)
    • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Grangali: [script needed] (dār)
    • Kashmiri: دار (dār)
    • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Savi: [script needed] (dhāre)
    • Shina: [script needed] (dār)
    • Shumashti: [script needed] (dār)
    • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dār)
  • Helu Prakrit:
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)
  • Pali: dhārā
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)

Etymology 2[edit]

Probably the same as Etymology 1,[1] as blades were perhaps traditionally hardened and sharpened by streaming water.[2]

Noun[edit]

धारा • (dhārā) stem, f

  1. margin, sharp edge, rim, blade (esp. of a sword, knife, etc.)
    1. (figuratively) the flame (blade) of fire
  2. the edge of a mountain
  3. the rim of a wheel
  4. the fence of hedge of a garden
  5. the van of an army
  6. the tip of the ear
  7. highest point, summit, glory, excellence
  8. night
  9. turmeric

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 788-9
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  3. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 356
  4. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “धारा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 515/3.
  5. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhāˊrā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Further reading[edit]

  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “dhārā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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