राज्

See also: राज, राज़, रोज़, रंज, राजि, रोज़ा, राजा, and रोज

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰাজ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬵᬚ᭄ (Balinese script)
• রাজ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰯𑰕𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀸𑀚𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ရာဇ် (Burmese script)
• રાજ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਰਾਜ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑌾𑌜𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦴꦗ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂰𑂔𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ರಾಜ್ (Kannada script)
• រាជ៑ (Khmer script)
• ຣາຊ຺ (Lao script)
• രാജ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡯ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘰𑘕𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠠᢗᠽ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑧑𑦵𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂 (Newa script)
• ରାଜ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢬꢵꢙ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆳𑆘𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖯𑖕𑖿 (Siddham script)
• රාජ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩛𑩣 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚭𑚑𑚶 (Takri script)
• ராஜ் (Tamil script)
• రాజ్ (Telugu script)
• ราชฺ (Thai script)
• རཱ་ཛ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒰𑒖𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨊𑨥𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɑ́ːd͡ʑ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɾɑːd͡ʑ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ṭṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ćš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗḱs (“king”). Cognate with Latin rēx (“king”), Welsh rhi (“king”).

Noun

राज् • (rā́j) stem, m

1. (Rigvedic) a king, sovereign, chief, lord
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.12.1:

     मध्ये॒ होता॑ दुरो॒णे ब॒र्हिषो॒ राळ् अग्निस् तो॒दस्य॒ रोद॑सी॒ यज॑ध्यै।
     अ॒यं स सू॒नुः सह॑स ऋ॒तावा॑ दू॒रात्सूर्यो॒ न शो॒चिषा॑ ततान॥

     mádhye hótā duroṇé barhíṣo rā́ḷ ágnís todásya ródasī yájadhyai.
     ayáṃ sá sūnúḥ sáhasa ṛtā́vā dūrā́tsū́ryo ná śocíṣā tatāna.

     Agni, the invoker of the gods, the lord of sacrifice, abides in the dwelling of the instrumental tutor of the rite, to offer sacrifice to heaven and earth; he, the son of strength, the observer of truth, has overspread the world from afar, like the sun, with light.

Declension

Declension of राज्

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	राट् (rā́ṭ)	राजः (rā́jaḥ)
Vocative	राट् (rā́ṭ)	-
Accusative	राजम् (rā́jam)	-
Instrumental	राजा (rājā)	rā́ḍbhiḥ	-
Dative	राजे (rā́je)	-
Genitive	राजः (rā́jaḥ)	राजाम् (rā́jām)
Locative	राजि (rāji)	rā́ṭsu	-

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.

Root

राज् • (rāj)

1. to rule, to reign
2. to direct, to govern
3. to be a king; to be kingly or regal

• राज (rāja, “king, sovereign; (ifc.) best of its kind”)
• राजघातक (rājaghātaka, “regicide”)
• राजति (rā́jati, “to rule, reign”)
• राजते (rā́jate, “to rule, reign”)
• राजन (rājana, “belonging to a royal family”)
• राजन् (rāján, “government, guidance”)
• राजन् (rā́jan, “king, sovereign, monarch”)
• राजपति (rā́japati, “lord of kings, emperor”)
• राजसे (rājáse, “(infinitive) to rule, to reign”)
• राज् (rā́j, “king, sovereign, monarch”)
• राज्ञी (rā́jñī, “queen”)
• राज्य (rājyá, rā́jya, “royalty, kingship, sovereignty; kingdom, empire, realm”)
• राज्य (rājyá, “royal, kingly, princely, regal”)
• राट् (rā́ṭ, “king, sovereign, monarch (nominative of rā́j)”)
• राष्टि (rā́ṣṭi, “to direct; to rule”)
• राष्ट्र (rāṣṭrá, “kingdom, realm, empire; nation, populace, subjects”)
• राष्ट्रपति (rāṣṭrápati, “sovereign, head of state”)
• राष्ट्रि (rāṣṭri, “queen, female sovereign or proprietress”)
• राष्ट्रिय (rāṣṭríya, “heir apparent, pretender”)
• राष्ट्री (rā́ṣṭrī, “queen, female sovereign or proprietress”)

 

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “राज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 872/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 444-6