वृक्ष

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʋɾɪkʂ/, [ʋɾɪkʃ]

Noun

वृक्ष • (vŕkṣ) m

1. tree

   Synonyms: दरख़्त (daraxt), पादप (pādap), पेड़ (peṛ)

Declension

Declension of वृक्ष (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्ष vŕkṣ
oblique	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्षों vŕkṣõ
vocative	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्षो vŕkṣo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वृक्ष”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa). Compare Gujarati વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ), Kannada ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa), Bengali বৃক্ষ (brikkho).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɾuk.ʂə/

Noun

वृक्ष • (vŕkṣa) m

1. tree

   Synonym: झाड (jhāḍ)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “वृक्ष”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वृक्ष”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “वृक्ष”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱৃক্ষ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬺᬓ᭄ᬱ (Balinese script)
• বৃক্ষ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰴𑰎𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀾𑀓𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
• ဝၖက္ၑ (Burmese script)
• વૃક્ષ (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਰਕ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍃𑌕𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦽꦏ꧀ꦰ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑃂𑂍𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
• ವೃಕ್ಷ (Kannada script)
• វ្ឫក្ឞ (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຣິກ຺ຩ (Lao script)
• വൃക്ഷ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡵᡳᡬᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘵𑘎𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠷᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧖𑦮𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐺𑐎𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
• ଵୃକ୍ଷ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢺꢒ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆸𑆑𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖴𑖎𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
• වෘක්‍ෂ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩙𑩜 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
• வ்ரிக்ஷ (Tamil script)
• వృక్ష (Telugu script)
• วฺฤกฺษ (Thai script)
• ཝྲྀ་ཀྵ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒵𑒏𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨋𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (“tree”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀 (var^əša).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩k.ʂɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋr̩k.ʂɐ/

Noun

वृक्ष • (vṛkṣá) stem, m

1. a tree, (especially) any tree bearing visible flowers and fruit, but also applied to any tree and other plants, often in the sense of wood
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.24.3:

     अक्षो न चक्र्योः शूर बृहन्प्र ते मह्ना रिरिचे रोदस्योः ।
     वृक्षस्य नु ते पुरुहूत वया व्यूतयो रुरुहुरिन्द्र पूर्वीः ॥

     akṣo na cakryoḥ śūra bṛhanpra te mahnā ririce rodasyoḥ.
     vṛkṣasya nu te puruhūta vayā vyūtayo ruruhurindra pūrvīḥ.

     The lofty axle of thy wheels, O Hero, is not surpassed by heaven and earth in greatness.
     Like branches of a tree, O thou Invoked by many, manifold assistance spring forth from thee, O Indra.

2. tree trunk
3. coffin
4. the staff of a bow
5. Wrightia antidysenterica

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृक्ष (vṛkṣá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृक्षः vṛkṣáḥ	वृक्षौ / वृक्षा¹ vṛkṣaú / vṛkṣā́¹	वृक्षाः / वृक्षासः¹ vṛkṣā́ḥ / vṛkṣā́saḥ¹
Vocative	वृक्ष vṛ́kṣa	वृक्षौ / वृक्षा¹ vṛ́kṣau / vṛ́kṣā¹	वृक्षाः / वृक्षासः¹ vṛ́kṣāḥ / vṛ́kṣāsaḥ¹
Accusative	वृक्षम् vṛkṣám	वृक्षौ / वृक्षा¹ vṛkṣaú / vṛkṣā́¹	वृक्षान् vṛkṣā́n
Instrumental	वृक्षेण vṛkṣéṇa	वृक्षाभ्याम् vṛkṣā́bhyām	वृक्षैः / वृक्षेभिः¹ vṛkṣaíḥ / vṛkṣébhiḥ¹
Dative	वृक्षाय vṛkṣā́ya	वृक्षाभ्याम् vṛkṣā́bhyām	वृक्षेभ्यः vṛkṣébhyaḥ
Ablative	वृक्षात् vṛkṣā́t	वृक्षाभ्याम् vṛkṣā́bhyām	वृक्षेभ्यः vṛkṣébhyaḥ
Genitive	वृक्षस्य vṛkṣásya	वृक्षयोः vṛkṣáyoḥ	वृक्षाणाम् vṛkṣā́ṇām
Locative	वृक्षे vṛkṣé	वृक्षयोः vṛkṣáyoḥ	वृक्षेषु vṛkṣéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀼𑀔 (lukha /⁠lukkha⁠/), *𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*rukkha)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: रुख (rukh)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘏 (rukha), 𑘨𑘳𑘽𑘏 (ruṃkha)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi: ਰੁੱਖ／رُکھ (rukkha)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
    • Romani: rukh
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑁆𑀭𑀙 (vracha)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙 (vaccha)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ރުއް (ruk̊)
  • Sinhalese: රුක (ruka)
• Pali: rukkha

Borrowed terms

• Bengali: বৃক্ষ (brikkho)
• Gujarati: વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ)
• Hindi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣ)
• Kannada: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)
• Malayalam: വൃക്ഷം (vr̥kṣaṁ)
• Marathi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣa)
• Old Khmer: briksā
  • → Thai: พฤกษา (prʉ́k-sǎa)
  • Khmer: ព្រឹក្សា (prɨksaa)
• Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘎𑘿𑘬 (vrīkṣa)
• Tamil: விருக்ஷம் (virukṣam)
• Telugu: వృక్షము (vr̥kṣamu)
• Thai: พฤกษ์ (prʉ́k), พฤกษ (prʉ́k-sà-)
• Tulu: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वृक्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1008/2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “vṛkṣa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.