ṯḥn

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛhɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: tjehen

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive or intransitive (with n or r)) to encounter, to meet (someone) on the way
2. (transitive) to touch (something) in order to harm it, to disturb, to molest
3. (transitive or intransitive (with ḥnꜥ)) to engage (an enemy) in battle

Inflection

Conjugation of ṯḥn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ṯḥn, geminated stem: ṯḥnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ṯḥn	ṯḥnw, ṯḥn	ṯḥnt	ṯḥn	ṯḥn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ṯḥn	ḥr ṯḥn	m ṯḥn	r ṯḥn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ṯḥn.n	ṯḥnw, ṯḥn	consecutive	ṯḥn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ṯḥnt
perfective3	ṯḥn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ṯḥn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ṯḥn	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ṯḥn	ṯḥnn	potentialis1	ṯḥn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ṯḥn	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ṯḥn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ṯḥn	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯḥn	ṯḥn, ṯḥnw5, ṯḥny5
imperfective	ṯḥn, ṯḥny, ṯḥnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯḥn, ṯḥnj6, ṯḥny6	ṯḥn, ṯḥnw5
prospective	ṯḥn, ṯḥntj7	—	ṯḥntj4, ṯḥnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯḥn  

ṯḥn

[18th Dynasty]

in hieratic

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to gleam, to shine out [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (intransitive, chiefly of body parts) to be(come) cheerful or display cheer [chiefly Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ṯḥn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ṯḥn, geminated stem: ṯḥnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ṯḥn	ṯḥnw, ṯḥn	ṯḥnt	ṯḥn	ṯḥn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ṯḥn	ḥr ṯḥn	m ṯḥn	r ṯḥn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ṯḥn.n	consecutive	ṯḥn.jn
terminative	ṯḥnt
perfective3	ṯḥn	obligative1	ṯḥn.ḫr
imperfective	ṯḥn
prospective3	ṯḥn	potentialis1	ṯḥn.kꜣ
subjunctive	ṯḥn

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ṯḥn.n	—	—
perfective	ṯḥn	ṯḥn	ṯḥn, ṯḥnw5, ṯḥny5
imperfective	ṯḥn, ṯḥny, ṯḥnw5	ṯḥn, ṯḥnj6, ṯḥny6	ṯḥn, ṯḥnw5
prospective	ṯḥn, ṯḥntj7	ṯḥntj4, ṯḥnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯḥn  

tjḥn	ṯḥn
[since the 18th Dynasty]
	abbreviation

Derived terms

• ṯḥnt
• ṯḥnw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 389.12–390.8, 391–393.22
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 306
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 181.