ἑαυτοῦ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἑωυτοῦ (heōutoû) — Ionic
• αὑτοῦ (hautoû) — Attic, contracted
• αὐταύτου (autaútou) — Doric

Etymology

Contraction of ἕο (héo, “him”) +‎ αὐτοῦ (autoû, “self”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /he.au̯.tûː/ → /e.aɸˈtu/ → /e.afˈtu/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /he.au̯.tûː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)e.aʍˈtu/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.aɸˈtu/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.afˈtu/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.afˈtu/

Pronoun

ἑαυτοῦ • (heautoû) (reflexive, reciprocal, Attic)

1. (3rd person) himself, herself, itself, themselves
   • 620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Collected Works 78
   • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 152B
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.141
   • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 157A
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.60
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.10.3
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.13.3
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.86
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.8
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 350A
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.8
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.85
2. (Attic and Koine) used for first or second person: myself, yourself
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 221
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 138
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1297
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 101C
   • 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Belopoeica 59.16
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.82
   • 341 BCE – 270 BCE, Epicurus, Vatican Sayings 47
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, 1 Samuel 14.9
   • 55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 7:1
3. (in the plural) of one another
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.49
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.25
   • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 144
   • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 19
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 10
   • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Lysis 215B

Usage notes

Dual forms of reflexive pronouns are rarely, if at all, attested.

Inflection

First and second declension of ἑαυτοῦ; ἑαυτῆς; ἑαυτοῦ

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		—	—	—		—	—	—		—	—	—
Genitive		ἑαυτοῦ heautoû	ἑαυτῆς heautês	ἑαυτοῦ heautoû		ἑαυτοῖν heautoîn	ἑαυταῖν heautaîn	ἑαυτοῖν heautoîn		ἑαυτῶν heautôn	ἑαυτῶν heautôn	ἑαυτῶν heautôn
Dative		ἑαυτῷ heautôi	ἑαυτῇ heautêi	ἑαυτῷ heautôi		ἑαυτοῖν heautoîn	ἑαυταῖν heautaîn	ἑαυτοῖν heautoîn		ἑαυτοῖς / ἑαυτοῖσῐ / ἑαυτοῖσῐν heautoîs / heautoîsi(n)	ἑαυταῖς heautaîs	ἑαυτοῖς / ἑαυτοῖσῐ / ἑαυτοῖσῐν heautoîs / heautoîsi(n)
Accusative		ἑαυτόν heautón	ἑαυτήν heautḗn	ἑαυτό heautó		ἑαυτώ heautṓ	ἑαυτᾱ́ heautā́	ἑαυτώ heautṓ		ἑαυτούς heautoús	ἑαυτᾱ́ς heautā́s	ἑαυτᾰ́ heautá
Vocative		—	—	—		—	—	—		—	—	—
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• “ἑαυτοῦ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἑαυτοῦ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἑαυτοῦ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἑαυτοῦ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G1438 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible