上游

Chinese

		up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up	to walk; to tour; to roam to walk; to tour; to roam; to swim; to travel
simp. and trad. (上游)		上	游

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shàngyóu

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng⁶ jau⁴

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): song-yù
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-iû / siāng-iû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shàngyóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàngyóu
    • Wade–Giles: shang⁴-yu²
    • Yale: shàng-yóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqyou
    • Palladius: шанъю (šanʺju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 上油 上游

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: soeng⁶ jau⁴
    • Yale: seuhng yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶ jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶ yeo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²² jɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-yù
    • Hakka Romanization System: song iuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴ yiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-yù
    • Hakka Romanization System: song (r)iuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴ yiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ (j)i̯u¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-iû
    • Tâi-lô: siōng-iû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sioxng'iuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng-iû
    • Tâi-lô: siāng-iû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaxng'iuu
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyangH yuw

Rime
Character	上	游
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	時亮切	以周切
Baxter	dzyangH	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋH/	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋH/	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋH/	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋH/	/juw/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋH/	/iu/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋH/	/jĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋH/	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàng	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng6	jau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*daŋʔ-s  [N-]ru/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋs  lu/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	上	游	游
Reading #	3/3	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàng	yóu	yóu
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyangH ›	‹ yuw ›	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*daŋʔ-s/	/*[N-]ru/	/*[N-]ru/
English	top, above (n.)	float, swim	float, swim
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	上	游
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	11103	15545
Phonetic component	上	斿
Rime group	陽	幽
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	尚	猷
Old Chinese	/*djaŋs/	/*lu/

Noun

上游

1. upper reaches; upstream portion of a river
2. (figuratively) favourable position; advantage; edge
3. (figuratively) (one's) superior; superordinate
4. (open-source software) upstream

Antonyms

• 下游 (xiàyóu)