出土

Chinese

		to go out; to come out; to occur to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)	earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian
simp. and trad. (出土)		出	土

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chūtǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ ㄊㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot¹ tou²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhut-thó͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chūtǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄊㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chutǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu¹-tʻu³
    • Yale: chū-tǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chutuu
    • Palladius: чуту (čutu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ceot¹ tou²
    • Yale: chēut tóu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet⁷ tou²
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêd¹ tou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ tʰou̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-thó͘
    • Tâi-lô: tshut-thóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuttor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ tʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ tʰɔ⁴¹/

Note:

• “to excavate; to make a fool of oneself”.

Verb

出土

1. to come up out of the ground

   小苗剛出土。／小苗刚出土。  ―  Xiǎo miáo gāng chūtǔ.  ―  The sprouts have just come up.

2. to excavate; to unearth; to dig up

   出土文獻／出土文献  ―  chūtǔ wénxiàn  ―  excavated text

   出土文物  ―  chūtǔ wénwù  ―  unearthed cultural relics

3. (Hokkien) to make a fool of oneself

Synonyms

• (to make a fool of oneself):

• 出彩 (chūcǎi)
• 凸槌 (tūchuí) (Taiwanese Mandarin)
• 出洋相 (chū yángxiàng)
• 出醜／出丑 (chūchǒu)
• 咬破粿 (Teochew)
• 現眼／现眼 (xiànyǎn)
• 脫箠／脱棰 (Hokkien)
• 落屎 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 落漆 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 鬧笑話／闹笑话 (nào xiàohuà)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
出	土
しゅつ Grade: 1	ど Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

出(しゅつ)土(ど) • (shutsudo) 

1. archeological excavation

Verb

出(しゅつ)土(ど)する • (shutsudo suru) suru (stem 出(しゅつ)土(ど)し (shutsudo shi), past 出(しゅつ)土(ど)した (shutsudo shita))

1. excavate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "出土する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	出土し	しゅつどし	shutsudo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	出土し	しゅつどし	shutsudo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	出土する	しゅつどする	shutsudo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	出土する	しゅつどする	shutsudo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	出土すれ	しゅつどすれ	shutsudo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	出土せよ¹ 出土しろ²	しゅつどせよ¹ しゅつどしろ²	shutsudo seyo¹ shutsudo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	出土される	しゅつどされる	shutsudo sareru
Causative	出土させる 出土さす	しゅつどさせる しゅつどさす	shutsudo saseru shutsudo sasu
Potential	出土できる	しゅつどできる	shutsudo dekiru
Volitional	出土しよう	しゅつどしよう	shutsudo shiyō
Negative	出土しない	しゅつどしない	shutsudo shinai
Negative continuative	出土せず	しゅつどせず	shutsudo sezu
Formal	出土します	しゅつどします	shutsudo shimasu
Perfective	出土した	しゅつどした	shutsudo shita
Conjunctive	出土して	しゅつどして	shutsudo shite
Hypothetical conditional	出土すれば	しゅつどすれば	shutsudo sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative