命中

Chinese

		life; fate	to hit the mark
simp. and trad. (命中)		命	中

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mìngzhòng

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁶ zung³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bēng-tiòng / miā-tiong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mìngzhòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mìngjhòng
    • Wade–Giles: ming⁴-chung⁴
    • Yale: mìng-jùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minqjonq
    • Palladius: минчжун (minčžun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ming⁶ zung³
    • Yale: mihng jung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁶ dzung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ming⁶ zung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²² t͡sʊŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng-tiòng
    • Tâi-lô: bīng-tiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bexngdioxng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tiɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miā-tiong
    • Tâi-lô: miā-tiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: miaxdiofng
    • IPA (Taipei): /miã³³⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /miã³³⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: mjaengH trjuwngH

Rime
Character	命	中
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	眉病切	陟仲切
Baxter	mjaengH	trjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiæŋH/	/ʈɨuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiaŋH/	/ʈiuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/miaŋH/	/ȶiuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miajŋH/	/ʈuwŋH/
Li Rong	/miɐŋH/	/ȶiuŋH/
Wang Li	/mĭɐŋH/	/ȶĭuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ɐŋH/	/ȶi̯uŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mìng	zhòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ming6	zung3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-riŋ-s  truŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mreŋs  tuŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	命	中
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mìng	zhòng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjængH ›	‹ trjuwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-riŋ-s/ (dialect: *m-r- > *mr-, *-iŋ> *-eŋ)	/*truŋ-s/
English	command (n.)	hit the center
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	命	中
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	8275	17410
Phonetic component	令	中
Rime group	耕	終
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	命	中
Old Chinese	/*mreŋs/	/*tuŋs/
Notes	令轉註字

Verb

命中

1. to hit a target

   • 力扼虎，射命中。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Lì è hǔ, shè mìngzhōng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 打中 (dǎzhòng)
• 射中 (shèzhòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (命中):

• → Japanese: 命(めい)中(ちゅう) (meichū)
• → Korean: 명중(命中) (myeongjung)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
命	中
めい Grade: 3	ちゅう Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

命(めい)中(ちゅう) • (meichū) 

1. a direct hit, bull's eye

Verb

命(めい)中(ちゅう)する • (meichū suru) suru (stem 命(めい)中(ちゅう)し (meichū shi), past 命(めい)中(ちゅう)した (meichū shita))

1. make a direct hit

Conjugation

Conjugation of "命中する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	命中し	めいちゅうし	meichū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	命中し	めいちゅうし	meichū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	命中する	めいちゅうする	meichū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	命中する	めいちゅうする	meichū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	命中すれ	めいちゅうすれ	meichū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	命中せよ¹ 命中しろ²	めいちゅうせよ¹ めいちゅうしろ²	meichū seyo¹ meichū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	命中される	めいちゅうされる	meichū sareru
Causative	命中させる 命中さす	めいちゅうさせる めいちゅうさす	meichū saseru meichū sasu
Potential	命中できる	めいちゅうできる	meichū dekiru
Volitional	命中しよう	めいちゅうしよう	meichū shiyō
Negative	命中しない	めいちゅうしない	meichū shinai
Negative continuative	命中せず	めいちゅうせず	meichū sezu
Formal	命中します	めいちゅうします	meichū shimasu
Perfective	命中した	めいちゅうした	meichū shita
Conjunctive	命中して	めいちゅうして	meichū shite
Hypothetical conditional	命中すれば	めいちゅうすれば	meichū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative