坪

坪 U+576A, 坪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-576A ← 坩 [U+5769] CJK Unified Ideographs 坫 → [U+576B]

Translingual

Han character

坪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一火十 (GMFJ), four-corner 4114₉, composition ⿰土平)

Derived characters

• 𦱾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4976
• Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 430, character 9
• Unihan data for U+576A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		坪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (平) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
平	*ben, *beŋ
怦	*pʰreːŋ
砰	*pʰreːŋ
抨	*pʰreːŋ
閛	*pʰreːŋ
伻	*pʰreːŋ
評	*beŋ, *beŋs
坪	*beŋ
苹	*beŋ
枰	*beŋ, *beŋs
泙	*beŋ
蚲	*beŋ
胓	*beŋ
匉	*pʰreːŋ
萍	*beːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ).

Etymology

The Taiwanese measurement unit of area was borrowed from the Japanese one during Japanese colonial period.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): píng (ping²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ping⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phiàng / phìn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): piang²

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phêng / phiâⁿ / pîⁿ / pêⁿ / phîⁿ / phêⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵ / pian⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶bin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: píng
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: píng
    • Wade–Giles: pʻing²
    • Yale: píng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyng
    • Palladius: пин (pin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ping⁴
    • Yale: pìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ping⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ping⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phiàng / phìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: piangˇ / pinˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: piang² / pin²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi̯aŋ¹¹/, /pʰin¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: piang²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰiaŋ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêng
    • Tâi-lô: phîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pheeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pʰiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪŋ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiâⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: phiânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phviaa
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiã²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pʰiã²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiã¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: pînn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvii
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /pĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: pênn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvee
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phîⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: phînn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phvii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: phênn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phvee
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɛ̃¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰẽ²³/

Note:

• phêng - literary;
• phiâⁿ/pîⁿ/pêⁿ/phîⁿ/phêⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: pêng⁵ / pian⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng / phiâⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵/, /pʰĩã⁵⁵/

Note:

• pêng5 - literary;
• pian5 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶bin
    • MiniDict: bin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bin²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjaeng

Rime
Character	坪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符兵切
Baxter	bjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/biaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biajŋ/
Li Rong	/biɐŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	píng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ping4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*beŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坪
Reading #	1/1
No.	9820
Phonetic component	平
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	平
Old Chinese	/*beŋ/

Definitions

坪

1. plain (especially used in a place name); flatland; level ground; terrace
2. (Taiwan) a traditional unit of areal measure equal to a square six 尺 (chǐ) on each side, approximately 3.306 square meters or 35.57 square feet

Compounds

• 七里坪 (Qīlǐpíng)
• 下坪 (Xiàpíng)
• 下谷坪 (Xiàgǔpíng)
• 三鬥坪／三斗坪
• 仁和坪 (Rénhépíng)
• 停機坪／停机坪 (tíngjīpíng)
• 兩坪／两坪 (Liǎngpíng)
• 六里坪 (Liùlǐpíng)
• 南坪 (Nánpíng)
• 卸甲坪 (Xièjiǎpíng)
• 厚坪 (Hòupíng)
• 古村坪 (Gǔcūnpíng)
• 喬家坪／乔家坪 (Qiáojiāpíng)
• 地坪 (dìpíng)
• 坪場／坪场
• 坪壩／坪坝 (píngbà)
• 坪數／坪数
• 坪林 (Pínglín)
• 坪頂／坪顶 (Píngdǐng)
• 大支坪 (Dàzhīpíng)
• 姚坪 (Yáopíng)
• 安坪 (Ānpíng)
• 官坪 (Guānpíng)
• 富城坪 (Fùchéngpíng)
• 寺坪 (Sìpíng)
• 小坪 (Xiǎopíng)
• 康坪 (Kāngpíng)
• 建坪 (Jiànpíng)
• 方高坪 (Fānggāopíng)
• 木魚坪／木鱼坪 (Mùyúpíng)
• 松木坪 (Sōngmùpíng)
• 柯坪 (Kēpíng)
• 柘木坪 (Zhèmùpíng)
• 桃坪 (Táopíng)
• 棉花坪 (Miánhuāpíng)
• 榔坪 (Lángpíng)
• 楂樹坪／楂树坪 (Zhāshùpíng)
• 樟村坪 (Zhāngcūnpíng)
• 樟樹坪／樟树坪 (Zhāngshùpíng)
• 水井坪 (Shuǐjǐngpíng)
• 水坪 (Shuǐpíng)
• 沙坪 (Shāpíng)
• 洋坪 (Yángpíng)
• 活龍坪／活龙坪 (Huólóngpíng)
• 清坪 (Qīngpíng)
• 清太坪 (Qīngtàipíng)
• 溪口坪 (Xīkǒupíng)
• 火燒坪／火烧坪 (Huǒshāopíng)
• 白楊坪／白杨坪 (Báiyángpíng)
• 秦家坪 (Qínjiāpíng)
• 竹坪 (Zhúpíng)
• 篤坪／笃坪 (Dǔpíng)
• 紅坪／红坪 (Hóngpíng)
• 紅花坪／红花坪 (Hónghuāpíng)
• 花坪 (Huāpíng)
• 茅坪 (Máopíng)
• 茅坪場／茅坪场 (Máopíngchǎng)
• 草坪 (cǎopíng)
• 蒿坪 (Hāopíng)
• 薛坪 (Xuēpíng)
• 賀家坪／贺家坪 (Hèjiāpíng)
• 鄂坪 (Èpíng)
• 金坪 (Jīnpíng)
• 金果坪 (Jīnguǒpíng)
• 長坪／长坪 (Chángpíng)
• 阿坶坪
• 雙坪／双坪 (Shuāngpíng)
• 鞦韆坪／秋千坪 (Qiūqiānpíng)
• 馬坪／马坪 (Mǎpíng)
• 馮坪／冯坪 (Féngpíng)
• 騾坪／骡坪 (Luópíng)
• 高坪 (Gāopíng)
• 龍坪／龙坪 (Lóngpíng)
• 龍潭坪／龙潭坪 (Lóngtánpíng)
• 龍舟坪／龙舟坪 (Lóngzhōupíng)

 

References

• “Entry #3717”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Shinjitai	坪
Kyūjitai	坪󠄁 坪+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	坪󠄃 坪+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

坪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: びょう (byō)^{←びやう (byau, historical)}
• Kan-on: へい (hei)
• Kun: つぼ (tsubo, 坪, Jōyō)

Usage notes

The on'yomi are not used in modern Japanese.

Etymology

Kanji in this term
坪
つぼ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Cognate with 壺 (tsubo, “basin”). The current meaning related to area arose from the way a surrounded area with the base or floor lower than the circumference looks like a basin.

Although the reading is different, this areal measurement meaning for 坪 is shared in common with the terms 평 (坪, pyeong) in Korean and 坪 (pe⁵) in Taiwanese.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つぼ [tsùbó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝbo̞]

Noun

坪(つぼ) • (tsubo) 

1. A unit of areal measure, traditionally a square six 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese unit of length, roughly equivalent to the English foot) per side, equivalent to the area covered by two standard-sized tatami mats. In modern usage, standardized at 3.306 square metres.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 坪 (MC bjaeng). Recorded as Middle Korean 펴ᇰ (phyeng) (Yale: phyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

坪 (eumhun 들 평 (deul pyeong))

1. Hanja form^? of 평 (“Pyeong, a traditional unit of measurement”).
2. Hanja form^? of 평 (“plain; flatland; level ground; terrace”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 평당 (坪當, pyeongdang)
• 평수 (坪數, pyeongsu)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

坪: Hán Nôm readings: bình

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation