官僚制

Chinese

		bureaucratic; bureaucrat; apparatchik	system; to make; to manufacture system; to make; to manufacture; to control; to regulate
simp. and trad. (官僚制)		官僚	制

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guānliáozhì

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gun¹ liu⁴ zai³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ-liâu-chè

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guānliáozhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guanliáojhìh
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹-liao²-chih⁴
    • Yale: gwān-lyáu-jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanliaujyh
    • Palladius: гуаньляочжи (guanʹljaočži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gun¹ liu⁴ zai³
    • Yale: gūn lìuh jai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹ liu⁴ dzai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gun¹ liu⁴ zei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹ t͡sɐi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-liâu-chè
    • Tâi-lô: kuann-liâu-tsè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaliauzex
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³ liau²⁴⁻²² t͡se⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³⁻²² t͡se²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/

Noun

官僚制

1. bureaucracy

Related terms

• 官制 (guānzhì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
官	僚	制
かん Grade: 4	りょう Grade: S	せい Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

From 官僚 (kanryō, “bureaucrat”) +‎ 制 (-sei, “system”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かんりょーせー [kàńryóóséé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠nɾʲo̞ːse̞ː]

Noun

官(かん)僚(りょう)制(せい) • (kanryōsei) ^{←くわんれうせい (kwanreusei)?}

1. bureaucracy

Korean

Hanja in this term
官	僚	制

Noun

官僚制 • (gwallyoje or McCune-Reischauer: kwallyoje or Yale: kwanlyocey) (hangeul 관료제)

1. Hanja form^? of 관료제 (“bureaucracy”).