平明

Chinese

		flat; level; equal flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
simp. and trad. (平明)		平	明

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): píngmíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ping⁴ ming⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: píngmíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: píngmíng
    • Wade–Giles: pʻing²-ming²
    • Yale: píng-míng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyngming
    • Palladius: пинмин (pinmin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ping⁴ ming⁴
    • Yale: pìhng mìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ping⁴ ming⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ping⁴ ming⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: bjaeng mjaeng

Rime
Character	平	明
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	符兵切	武兵切
Baxter	bjaeng	mjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiæŋ/	/mˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiaŋ/	/mᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/biaŋ/	/miaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biajŋ/	/miajŋ/
Li Rong	/biɐŋ/	/miɐŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭɐŋ/	/mĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ɐŋ/	/mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	píng	míng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ping4	ming4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*breŋ  mraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*beŋ  mraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	平	明
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	píng	míng
Middle Chinese	‹ bjæng ›	‹ mjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*breŋ/	/*mraŋ/
English	even (adj.)	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	平	明
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	9818	9188
Phonetic component	平	明
Rime group	耕	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	平	明
Old Chinese	/*beŋ/	/*mraŋ/

Noun

平明

1. (literary) dawn; daybreak

Synonyms

• 一黑早 (i⁶ he⁶ zau³) (Xiang)
• 凌晨 (língchén)
• 大清早 (dàqīngzǎo)
• 大清老早 (⁶du-chin-lau-tsau) (Shanghainese)
• 天光 (tiānguāng)
• 天拉朗 (Teochew)
• 天欲光 (Hokkien)
• 拂曉／拂晓 (fúxiǎo)
• 拍殕仔光 (phah-phú-á-kng) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 拍殕光 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 拍殕光仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 早晨
• 早清 (zau² qing¹) (Jin)
• 晨明 (chénmíng) (literary)
• 清早 (qīngzǎo)
• 清早晨 (¹chin-tsau-zen) (Shanghainese)
• 清晨 (qīngchén)
• 老清老早 (⁶lau-chin-lau-tsau) (Shanghainese)
• 透早 (thàu-chá) (Hokkien)
• 麻亮兒／麻亮儿 (Xining Mandarin)
• 麻麻亮兒／麻麻亮儿 (Xining Mandarin)
• 黎明 (límíng)

 

Adjective

平明

1. (literary) fair and clear

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (平明):

• → Japanese: 平明(へいめい) (heimei)
• → Korean: 평명(平明) (pyeongmyeong)
• → Vietnamese: bình minh (平明)

Vietnamese

Noun

平明

1. chữ Hán form of bình minh (“dawn; sunrise; daybreak”).