煤
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
煤 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火廿一木 (FTMD), four-corner 94894, composition ⿰火某)
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 677, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19220
- Dae Jaweon: page 1088, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2214, character 2
- Unihan data for U+7164
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 煤 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 煤 | |
2nd round simp. | 𭳿 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 某 (OC *mɯʔ).
Etymology[edit]
Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possibilities:
- Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-mu² (“soot; acrid (smoke)”). If related, a merger of Minimal Old Chinese *ə with *o must have occurred.
- Cognate with Mizo mang (maŋᴿ), man (manᴸ, “sooty”), Mizo mang (maŋᴴ, “partially burnt wood”).
文 (OC *mɯn) may be a derivation with -n nominal suffix. 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”) may be an allofam. Unrelated to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”) according to Schuessler (2007).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
煤
- coal (Classifier: 塊/块 m c; 嚿 c)
- † dust of smoke; soot
- 向者煤室入甑中,棄食不祥,回攫而飯之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
- Xiàngzhě méi shì rù zèng zhōng, qì shí bùxiáng, Huí jué ér fàn zhī. [Pinyin]
- Just now some dust and soot fell into the steamer. Ill fortune befalls those who throw away food; so I grabbed those grains and ate them.
向者煤室入甑中,弃食不祥,回攫而饭之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † ink
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 乏煤
- 二煤
- 倒煤
- 原煤 (yuánméi)
- 天然煤氣/天然煤气 (tiānrán méiqì)
- 搖煤/摇煤
- 木煤氣/木煤气
- 松煤
- 氣煤/气煤
- 水煤氣/水煤气 (shuǐméiqì)
- 泥煤 (níméi)
- 洗煤
- 淨化燃煤/净化燃煤
- 火煤子
- 火紙煤兒/火纸煤儿
- 焦煤 (jiāoméi)
- 無煙焦煤/无烟焦煤
- 無煙煤/无烟煤 (wúyānméi)
- 煤井
- 煤化
- 煤坑
- 煤塵/煤尘
- 煤層/煤层 (méicéng)
- 煤山
- 煤搭
- 煤末
- 煤核
- 煤毒
- 煤氣/煤气 (méiqì)
- 煤氣燈/煤气灯
- 煤氣爐/煤气炉 (méiqìlú)
- 煤氣表/煤气表
- 煤水車/煤水车
- 煤油 (méiyóu)
- 煤油燈/煤油灯
- 煤渣 (méizhā)
- 煤炭 (méitàn)
- 煤焦油 (méijiāoyóu)
- 煤煙/煤烟
- 煙煤/烟煤 (yānméi)
- 煤球
- 煤田 (méitián)
- 煤砟子
- 煤磚/煤砖 (méizhuān)
- 煤礦/煤矿 (méikuàng)
- 煤精 (méijīng)
- 煤都
- 煤黑子
- 煤黑油
- 燈煤/灯煤
- 燭煤/烛煤
- 生煤
- 瘦煤
- 白煤 (báiméi)
- 省煤器
- 硬煤
- 紅煤/红煤
- 紙煤子/纸煤子
- 紙煤管子/纸煤管子
- 肥煤
- 蛛煤
- 褐煤 (hèméi)
- 麝煤
- 黑煤
Descendants[edit]
- → Guiqiong: mɛi (“coal”)
References[edit]
- “煤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
煤 |
すす Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Possibly related to 炭 (sumi, “cinder; charcoal”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) すす [súꜜsù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) すす [sùsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [sɨᵝsɨᵝ]
Noun[edit]
- soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
- sooted dirt or dust accumulated in ceilings, walls, etc.
- Short for 煤色 (susuiro): a shade of black as in the color of soot
Derived terms[edit]
- 煤ける (susukeru)
- 煤ぶ (susubu)
- 煤市 (Susuichi)
- 煤色 (susuiro)
- 煤男 (susuotoko)
- 煤賀 (Susuga)
- 煤ヶ谷 (Susugaya)
- 煤川 (Susugawa)
- 煤籠もり (susugomori)
- 煤田 (Susuta)
- 煤田 (Susuda)
- 煤竹 (susudake)
- 煤取り (susutori)
- 煤掃き (susuhaki)
- 煤払い (susuharai)
- 煤病 (susubyō)
- 煤埃 (susubokori)
- 煤孫 (Susumago)
- 煤本 (Susumoto)
- 煤谷 (Susuya)
- 煤湯 (susuyu)
- 煮煤 (nisusu)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
煤 |
ばい Jinmeiyō |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 煤 (MC mwoj). Compare modern Min Nan reading bôe.
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Further reading[edit]
- 炭 entry at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese), regarding a possible connection between 煤 (susu, “soot”) and 炭 (sumi, “cinder; charcoal”)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
煤 (eumhun 그을음 매 (geueureum mae))
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
煤 |
しーし Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 煤 (susu).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
煤 (shīshi)
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
煤 (susu) (kana すす)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 煤 (susu)
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
煤: Hán Nôm readings: môi, muồi, mai
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
煤 (hiragana ちち, romaji chichi)
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 煤 (susu).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
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