生む

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Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
生
う
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
産む

Etymology[edit]

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 720 CE.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

生(う)む • (umu) transitive godan (stem 生(う)み (umi), past 生(う)んだ (unda))

  1. to give birth to; to bear (a child); (of eggs) to lay; (of fish) to spawn
  2. to produce (something)
    美風(びふう)を生(う)む
    bifū o umu
    produce a good custom
    銹(さび)を生(う)む
    sabi o umu
    produce rust

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of "生む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 生ま うま uma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 生み うみ umi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 生む うむ umu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 生む うむ umu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 生め うめ ume
Meireikei ("imperative") 生め うめ ume
Key constructions
Passive 生まれる うまれる umareru
Causative 生ませる
生ます 		うませる
うます 		umaseru
umasu
Potential 生める うめる umeru
Volitional 生もう うもう umō
Negative 生まない うまない umanai
Negative continuative 生まず うまず umazu
Formal 生みます うみます umimasu
Perfective 生んだ うんだ unda
Conjunctive 生んで うんで unde
Hypothetical conditional 生めば うめば umeba

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “産・生”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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